Aims and scope The journal “Ukrainian Linguistics” is a scientific peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from leading experts and young researchers from around the world that advance the knowledge, theory or methodology of linguistics. The purpose of the journal is to develop and strengthen scientific contacts in the linguistic community, to promote the latest achievements and results of theoretical, empirical and applied research, covering a wide range of problems of general, comparative-historical and typological linguistics, theory and structure of language, dialectology, onomastics, codification of the language and stylistics, functional and communicative linguistics, communication theory and pragmatics, text linguistics and discourse theory, cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistics and linguoculturology, socio- and psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, and translation linguistics.
Кафедра української мови та прикладної лінгвістики Інституту філології Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка
Emotive-evaluative potential of Ukrainian paralingual phraseological units: usage and individual manifestations
Background. At the current stage of linguistic development, researchers’ attention is focused on the problems of verbalizing the human emotional world, identifying traditions of speech objectification of emotional-psychological states and reactions. Researchers are examining theoretical approaches to the description of the category of emotivity, vocabulary denoting emotions and feelings. The necessity of studying phraseological units as means of objectifying the human emotional sphere is conditioned by the fragmentary investigation of this problem. Simultaneously, phrasemes belong to distinctive verbalizers of human emotional-psychological states and reactions; they emphasize the ethnic nature and peculiarities of linguistic thinking via individual's emotional sphere. The relevance of the topic is associated with the importance of studying structural-semantic and expressive features of paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language used in M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse. Methods. The research employed the method of componential analysis, which is related to the description of structural and semantic features of emotive-evaluative paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language used in lexicographic works and M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse; the method of contextual analysis for identifying the expressive potential of usage and individually marked paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language functioning in the writer’s literary texts. Results. The composition of paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language that objectify emotional, emotive-evaluative states of communicants has been identified. Paralingual phrasemes are represented in usage and M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse by two macrogroups (kinematic and phonational paralingual phraseological units). Within kinematic paralingual phraseological units, certain groups have been distinguished (mimic (indicating certain mouth configuration or lip position), myrimic (denoting eye movements, characterizing gaze peculiarities), gestural (objectifying varieties of indicative, descriptive, symbolic, reinforcing gestures), pantomimic (indicating body movements, gaits; illustrating pose specificity)). Phonational phraseological units include a macrogroup of paralingual stable expressions whose emotive-evaluative semantic specificity is connected with all prosodic characteristics, vocal manifestations of human speech (evaluations of speech tempo, voice timbre, melodics (changes in voice pitch, strength, sound intensity, their modifications and deviations from norms)). It has been determined that the emotive-evaluative potential of kinematic-phonational phraseological units in M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse manifests in providing integral portrait characteristics of characters, in realizing contextually motivated semantic plans of phrasemes aimed at reproducing character relationships via their value orientations, reactions to external environmental fragments and internal states, emotions and feelings. Discussion and conclusions. The analysis of dictionary definitions revealed sufficiently complete and expressive characteristics of the emotive-evaluative component in semantic structures of paralingual phraseological units, fixation and actualization of emotive-evaluative semes in usage. In M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse phrasemes serve as means of emphasizing existentially marked contexts, emotive-evaluative character portrayal, text fragment expressivization, acquiring additional semantic and stylistic loads, objectifying the dynamism of plot events, reality of spontaneous dialogues; performing artistic-communicative, emotive, evaluative, expressive, symbolic, figurative-stylistic functions, as well as the function of laconism, economy of speech messages in live dialogues. Information about the author: Boiko Nadiia Ivanivna – Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Language, Literature, Cultural Studies, and Journalism at Mykola Gogol State University in Nizhyn E-mail: bni_bni52@ukr.net
paralingual phraseological units, kinematic phraseological units, phonational phraseological units, emotive-evaluative potential, emotions, feelings, literary discourse, character, M. Kotsiubynskyi
Copyright (c) 2025 Надія Бойко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Initial pronunciation of “The tale of Ihor’s campaign”: methods of reconstruction
Background. If “The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign” is an incorrect text, deformed by its re-singing (during its oral performance) and re-writing (including intentional corrections, in particular exclusion of pre-Christian concepts and motifs), then the text could be restored as more archaic (and more organized!) “proto-text” by removing later layers. Methods. The author (based on earlier particular methods, e. g. of Olexander Potebnia) uses his own complex “linguistic-poetic” reconstruction. It is a combination of the linguistic reconstruction of the XII-century Old Rus’-Ukrainian language and the renewal (basing on the consonances) of lexemes, phonetic and grammatic forms, set expressions (“poetic formulas”). Results. The previous attempts of the “Tale”’s linguistic reconstructions (from Mykhailo Maksymovych and Olexander Potebnia) are newly examined. As it was clarified, the consisted reconstruction of exclusively Old Rus’-Ukrainian “full-vowelized” forms (-oro-, -olo-, -ere-), as well as the pronunciation of “ъ” and “ь” as syllabic sounds in all cases (as some linguists proposed) totally destroyed the rhythm of this poetic text. It caused the hypothesis the rhythmic-stylistic variability of the aforementioned forms. Some examples of reconstructed “non-vocalic” pronunciations of some combinations with liquid consonants (like one-syllabic брзы). Some accents, different from the contemporary Ukrainian ones (but confirmed by ancient texts and “Tale”’s consonances), are also reconstructed (Игόрь, полόвци, бόяре). Rhythm and theoretical opinions caused the reconstruction of root-accents, different from the contemporary Ukrainian ones. The reconstructed “poetic formulas”, based on consonances, appear variable, as it is typical in folklore (въ древесе – въ лѣсѣ – подъ небеса; въ небесе – въ лѣсѣ – въ древесе). Discussion and conclusions. The poetic base of the reconstruction is epic octosyllable, well-known in Ukrainian folklore (e. g., the “Song about Dovbush”) and other folklore traditions (Indo-European, Finno-Ugric, Georgian etc.), West European epic in different languages, contemporary to the “Tale”. The reconstruction of the “Tale”’s proto-text considers lexical substitutions and omissions (which could be corrected using consonances with neighbor words), syllabic sounding of ъ and ь in some stylistically caused cases, Proto-Slavic pronunciation of ъ and ь in some archaic poetic formulas, consisted usage of only short forms of adjectives. Information about the author: Yurii Mosenkis – Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics, Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Email: yu.mosenkis@knu.ua
Old Ukrainian (Old Rus’, Kyivan Rus’) language, Old Church Slavonic language, “The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign”, poetic formulas
Copyright (c) 2025 Юрій МОСЕНКІС https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The interrelationship between the structure and dynamics of Anatolii Moisienko’s poetry (the role of the first and last lines of the text)
Introduction. This article examines a pressing issue in contemporary linguistics: the dynamics of poetic text as a holistic system. Despite advances in textual studies, the question of comprehensive analysis of the dynamic components of poetry, especially in the works of contemporary authors, remains insufficiently explored. The aim of the study is to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the first and last lines of A. Moisienko's poetic works and to determine their role as key dynamic components. Understanding these mechanisms will allow for a deeper interpretation of the author's idiolect and the aesthetic impact of the poetic word. Methods. To achieve the set goal, a comprehensive approach was used, including a descriptive method for systematizing linguistic units, a continuous sampling method for selecting factual material, a linguo-stylistic analysis for interpreting artistic means, and a contextual analysis for studying their meaning in the overall structure of the text. The main material of the study is the poetry by A. Moisienko. Results. The study showed that the dynamics of A. Moisienko's poetic text is realized at all linguistic levels. At the phonetic level, sound repetitions (alliteration, assonance) create a rhythmic pattern and enhance the emotional coloring. At the lexical-semantic level, neologisms and morphemic features are key factors in dynamization, enriching content and form. Syntactic constructions and grammatical transformations effectively model the movement and change in the nature and inner state of the lyrical hero, as well as philosophical reflections. Punctuation marks play an important role in conveying intonation dynamics. Conclusions. The study confirms that the interconnection between the first and last lines in A. Moisienko's poetry is a conscious artistic technique that ensures the semantic and emotional development of the text. Compositional techniques (circular repetition, anaphora, and transformation) are the main tools for creating the rhythmic and semantic organization of works. The development of key metaphorical images of the garden, snow, road, etc., from their initial presentation to their multi-layered transformation reflects the deep philosophical basis of the author's poetry. The results obtained can be used for further studies of contemporary Ukrainian poetics. Information about the author: Valentyna Filiniuk – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Language and Literature, Khmelnytskyi Academy of Humanities and Pedagogy Email: amicus.solaris@gmail.com
Copyright (c) 2025 Валентина Філінюк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The communicative-pragmatic potential of discourse markers in the short stories of Hryhir Tiutiunnyk
Background. Modern linguistic research is focused on the communicative and pragmatic aspects of studying linguistic units. Scholars interpret a text not merely as a medium for conveying meaning but as a means of influence and a tool for realising the author’s intentions. This approach explains the increased attention of linguists to discourse markers – elements of discourse that, on the one hand, structure it by ensuring coherence and cohesion, and on the other hand, reflect the speaker's true communicative and pragmatic intentions. Methods. The present research employs general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, which were used to divide the literary discourse into constituent parts, to describe each of them, and to examine the analysed context as a whole. The method of discourse analysis was applied to identify the roles of the addressee and the addresser, as well as the circumstances of their interaction within the literary discourse. The method of linguistic description was used to characterise the communicative and pragmatic features of the analysed discourse units. Results. The analysis of discourse markers in the short stories of Hryhir Tiutiunnyk has revealed their significant role in shaping the communicative and pragmatic dimensions of literary texts. Discourse units can introduce evaluative commentary, draw the reader’s attention to the author’s internal or external description of a character, emphasise the character’s role in the compositional structure of the text. Discourse markers serve a significant function in presenting various supplementary descriptions related to the overall content of the texts. Conclusions. Research on Hryhorii Tiutiunnyk’s short prose reveals that discourse markers in the writer’s works are capable of introducing multifaceted additional information within the authorial voice (regarding the characterisation of a character, their actions and behavior, event descriptions, etc.). Significantly less frequent, in comparison to the authorial voice, is the use of discourse units in the speech of characters, particularly in dialogues or the characters’ internal monologues. Special attention should be paid to instances where a character’s internal monologue transforms into extended authorial narration, or vice versa: a discourse marker functions as a cohesive element that enables a smooth transition from the author’s narrative to the character’s internal monologic speech. Інформація про автора: Грабова Анна Романівна – аспірантка кафедри української мови та прикладної лінгвістики Навчально-наукового інституту філології Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка Електронна адреса: annagrabova@knu.ua
Discourse, text, discourse marker, authorial voice, character voice
Copyright (c) 2025 Анна Грабова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Verbalisation of key concepts of CONSTITUTIONAL LAW in the text of the Constitution of the United States
Introduction. In the modern global information space, particularly its segment oriented toward Western cultural values, the United States is conceptualised as a model of long-standing democratic tradition in state-building and legal regulation of public life. The foundation of North American democracy is embedded in the text of the U.S. Constitution, which has remained virtually unchanged for nearly a quarter of a millennium. This text verbalises the key concepts that form the legal segment of the American linguistic worldview. Its significance for Ukraine is determined by the role of the United States as the country’s primary strategic partner. Methods. The study employs a linguo-conceptual approach, which involves the analysis of verbal markers representing the key concepts articulated in the text (in this case, those belonging to the legal segment of the worldview). Results. Based on textual verbal markers — at the levels of lexemes, collocations, sentences, and larger textual fragments — the study identifies and analyses the general principles of conceptualising the STATE in the U.S. Constitution, the specifics of conceptualising the type and structure of the STATE, the concept of the federal STATE as a key element of the American legal and political system, the conceptualisation of the POWER trichotomy as the legal foundation of balance in a democratic society, the conceptualisation of SECULARISM in law and legal syncretism, the UNDEMOCRATIC (NON-EGALITARIAN) legal concepts of the original text of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights (Amendments 1–10) as a verbalisation of the concept of HUMAN RIGHTS, and subsequent amendments as markers of the legal system’s evolution. Conclusions. Overall, the U.S. Constitution verbalises the macroconcepts of DEMOCRACY and FEDERALISM (with a dialectical balance between the rights of individual STATES and the federal GOVERNMENT). The text reflects key concepts underpinning the American state-legal order: the SECULAR nature of power and law (i.e., the absence of sacral authority), the REPUBLICAN (anti-monarchical) and EGALITARIAN (anti-hierarchical) nature of the state (with non-egalitarian elements of the original text — particularly in relation to the rights of women, Indigenous peoples, and African Americans — subsequently corrected through amendments), the SEPARATION OF POWERS (the balance between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches), and the CENTRALISATION OF POWER (a strong presidency in the absence of a prime minister). A historically conditioned feature of LEGISLATIVE power inherited from British governance is the BICAMERAL structure of the U.S. Congress, where U.S. states replace British counties. Among the specific features of the American legal system, compared to other Western legal traditions, verbalised in the Constitution is the mechanism of INDIRECT ELECTIONS via the system of ELECTORS. Information about the author: Oleksiy Tertychnyy – postgraduate student, junior research fellow at the Department of Romance, Germanic, and Baltic Languages of the O. O. Potebnia Institute of Linguistics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine E-mail: o.tertychnyy@gmail.com
linguistic worldview, concept, verbalisation, conceptual synonyms, conceptual antonyms (oppositions), text of the U. S. Constitution
Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій Тертичний https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applied and theoretical aspects of speech research through the prism of linguistic expertise
Background. The issue of updating the methodological approach to the forensic linguistics of speech (oral texts) is analyzed in the article. The potential for rethinking the problem is contained in the experimental and applied achievements of modern phonetic science. The author&apos;s experience of working with experts in forensic institutions allows us to draw the methodologists’; and lawyers’; attention to strengthening the professional training of experts, in particular, ways of adapting specialised phonetical knowledge to forensic tasks in the specialty “Linguistic Research of Speech” – 7.3. Methods. The paper uses the evaluation method of phonetic content in expert research, in line with the adaptation of specialised knowledge to particular issues of person identification. A comparison of object, subject matter, and material (data) is made in applied fields joined by a common need for phonetic knowledge. The phonetic grounds for deepening methodological approaches in phonoscopic examination are described. Results. The comparison highlighted the appropriate object and subject matter for the specialty 7.3. The author supplemented the specialised knowledge definition and presented examples of erroneous processing on linguistic issues by a novice expert, which were obtained from the observations in the analyzed specialty. The author proposed to develop a model of the correct use of requisite phonetic knowledge to determine the credibility weight of forensic findings. Discussion and conclusions. The publication concludes that phonetic knowledge has an indirect impact on the expert’s ability to adapt specialized phonetic knowledge to the expert tasks. The need for changing methodological approaches, forming a conceptual framework, and mastering instrumental speech analysis of acoustic parameters is shown. Information about the author Zoia Dudnyk – PhD (in Philology), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. E-mail: z.dudnyk@knu.ua
general and applied phonetics, forensic speech research, specialized knowledge of expert
Copyright (c) 2025 Дудник Зоя Василівна https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of the lingual environment of Bukovyna and Halychyna on the content and structural components of Ukrainian printed advertising at the end of the 19th – early 20th century
Background. The concept of linguistic situation, traditionally studied in sociolinguistics, means the totality of all languages used in a country to facilitate communication at all societal levels. Over the past few decades, the problem of the linguistic environment and the simultaneous use of two or more languages in the same geographical space has been studied not only in sociolinguistics but also in urban linguistics, discourse studies and many other branches of the humanities, primarily in the context of the dialogue of cultures. The form of language functioning (or several languages) in a specific geographical space is defined as the linguistic landscape. The term "linguistic (semiotic) landscape" is synonymous with a number of other terms used by modern sociolinguists: linguistic market, linguistic mosaic, ecology of languages, diversity of languages, or linguistic situation, etc. The specific components of the linguistic landscape, as well as the cultural and historical prerequisites for its formation, require deeper investigation using documented linguistic sources from territories where active intercultural and interlingual contacts have been ongoing for a long time. Galicia and Bukovina at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries were undoubtedly such territories. An integral component of the urban linguistic landscape of that time, one of its graphic markers and identifiers, was Ukrainian advertising published in Galician and Bukovinian periodicals. The actuality of the study stems from the need to examine the historical, factual, socio-cultural, and linguistic aspects of the formation of the advertising style of the Ukrainian language, particularly in the context of the linguistic situation of Bukovina and Galicia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This will contribute to forming a holistic understanding of the general and specific features of Ukrainian advertising texts of this period and understanding of Ukrainian advertising as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon. Methods. To study advertising announcements published in Galician and Bukovinian periodicals at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (newspapers “Dilo”, “Bukovyna”, “Dobri Rady”, “Kalendar Prosvity”, “Bukovynsky Kalendar”), the methods of primary source processing, source base sampling, analytical review, descriptive-interpretative, and comparative analysis were applied. Results. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Ukrainian advertising texts aimed at disseminating new knowledge and, at the same time, had to attract the attention of potential clients and influence the psychology of the addressee. These tasks defined the informative and persuasive function of advertising during the studied period, which had all the characteristics of a modern advertising text and included the following main structural elements: 1) headline (in terms of content, these were mainly names of establishments, enterprises, personal names of entrepreneurs); 2) customer appeal c; 3) information block; 4) font and other graphic means of information actualization; 5) signatures and comments; 6) graphic and illustrative components (frame, font, product images, decorative highlighting elements). A characteristic feature of Ukrainian print advertising of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were components determined by interference factors: 1) German or Polish spellings of proper names, product names, contact information; 2) parallel spelling (glossing) of advertised product names in at least two languages; 3) use of borrowings from German, Polish, and Romanian languages, adapted in southwestern dialects or urban koinēs due to lexical interference; 4) application of different graphic and orthographic systems of the Ukrainian language (“maksymovychivka” and “kulishivka”). Discussion and conclusions. Ukrainian advertising texts of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are a component of the linguistic (semiotic) landscape of that time, as they reflect in their graphic and semantic content the functioning of the Ukrainian language in contact with other languages – German, Polish, and Romanian, which for the studied period should be considered co-territorial languages. Foreign language components characterize both the graphics, content, and textual stylistics of Ukrainian advertising of the studied period, thanks to which it emerges as a sociolinguistic and cultural-historical phenomenon reflecting the corresponding period of the development of the Ukrainian literary language. Further research of the general and specific features of Ukrainian advertising of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is necessary for the creation of generalizing theoretical works on advertising studies and specialized dictionaries of Ukrainian advertising.
linguistic situation of Halychyna and Bukovyna at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, advertising in Ukrainian periodicals at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, intercultural communication in advertising, advertising texts as a component of linguistic landscape, spelling practices of the Ukrainian language as a component of linguistic landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Людмила Ткач, Анна Закутня https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Texts that prepared aggression: Manipulative strategies of Ukraine's enemies
Introduction. Over the past decades, the Ukrainian information space has been actively shaped by texts of political figures who employed linguistic tools of covert influence to transform public consciousness. Of particular importance are the publications of viktor medvedchuk, viktor yanukovych, and dmytro tabachnyk, written between 1999 and 2008, as they formed the ideological foundation for the development of anti-Ukrainian narratives later used during Russia's information aggression against Ukraine. Methods. The selected material includes four public texts: “Ukraine: Topical Issues of the Development of Society, State, and Law” (1999) by viktor medvedchuk, “… And a Year in Power” (2007) by viktor yanukovych, and “Ukraine in NATO or NATO in Ukraine” (2008) by dmytro tabachnyk. The study applies a linguocognitive analysis, discourse-pragmatic approach, and qualitative content analysis to identify typical strategies of linguistic manipulation. Results. The research reveals a systematic use of suggestive techniques, emotional framing, appeals to historical trauma, fear, and the construction of an external enemy. The texts feature metaphorization, dichotomies, overgeneralizations, rhetorical questions, appeals to authority, normative assertions, dysphemisms toward opponents, and the glorification of certain political alliances and concepts. The discourse aims to generate a sense of non-alternative interpretations, weaken critical thinking, and promote specific ideological directions. A typical strategy involves legitimizing views through expressions of objectivity and abstract designations. In several instances, the authors construct artificially framed realities that distort perceptions of socio-political processes. Conclusion. The analyzed publications demonstrate persistent patterns of informational influence, which, operating long before Russia's open aggression, served a preparatory function for the acceptance of hostile narratives. The findings confirm the necessity of further investigation into internal sources of information-based destabilization and the development of tools for detecting manipulative linguistic strategies in public discourse. Information about the author: Taras Holota – Postgraduate student at the Department of Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics, Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv E-mail: taras.holota@knu.ua
linguistic manipulation in printed texts, language tools of manipulation, verbalization of fear
Copyright (c) 2025 Тарас Голота https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A discourse marker «АЖ» within the dynamic system of utterance and text
Background. The research of discourse units, which in recent decades has gained popularity in foreign and Ukrainian scholarly literature, is aimed at the functional, semantic, and pragmatic interpretation of such units within textual structures, particularly in literary texts. This is closely related to the issues of cohesion and coherence, as well as the architectonic characteristics of utterances and texts. Special attention is given to the dynamic aspect of analysing such discourse words and phrases that serve as a means of intensifying and enhancing the expressivisation of the literary structure of the texts. Methods. The following methods were used: descriptive, componential, and discourse analysis. These were applied for the general analysis and systematisation of the studied units, as well as for their semantic, contextual-pragmatic, and interpretative-evaluative characterisation. Results. On the basis of semantic-pragmatic descriptions of discourse units in the works of Ukrainian scholars, the role of the discourse marker АЖ has been analysed in structuring dynamic formations expressed across various syntactic segments. These formations are considered in connection with different forms of expression (lexico-grammatical, parallel, phraseologised, and others). They are found to be key contributors to the development of the dynamic and figurative system of a given literary structure. Conclusions. The discourse marker АЖ serves as an important element in maintaining the cohesion and coherence of textual structures, plays an indispensable role in the dynamisation of both individual utterances and the literary text as a whole. This discourse unit serves a distinct dynamic-actualising function: a) in the predicative-rhematic position of the utterance, particularly when combined with a verbal component, repeated verbs, or other parts of speech capable of intensifying a quality; b) when introducing truncated verb forms and adverbial predicates such as глядь, гульк, раптом, which produce an effect of suddenness or surprise; c) in contexts based on syncretism of features (e.g., синій, аж чорний – blue, almost black; солоний, аж гіркий – salty, even bitter; веселий, аж сумний – cheerful, nearly sad); d) in phraseological constructions, etc. The repetition of the discourse marker and the syntagms it forms within a given text can convey the dynamic nature of the compositional and figurative structures of a literary work’s overall organization. Information about the author: Anatolii Moisiienko – Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics, Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv E-mail: a.moisiienko@knu.ua
Discourse marker, utterance, text (discourse), particle АЖ, dynamisation, expressivisation
Copyright (c) 2025 Анатолій Мойсієнко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Laus Hispaniae: the evolution of nominating Spain in the Ukrainian language
Introduction. In the modern Ukrainian language, some proper names have been borrowed, the spelling of which differs significantly from the original language. Country nominations adapted in a particular language are called exonyms and are opposed to the self-names of the corresponding countries – endonyms. Such names, for example, include Gruziia – Sakartvelo, Bombay – Mumbai, Pekin – Beijin, Lipsk – Leipzig, Shweitsaria – Shwaitsaria, Jeuropa – Europa, etc. Exotoponyms might have lexical, word-forming, and phonetic variations, depending on the source of borrowing and further transformations in the recipient language. Wide variability is also characteristic of the names of the Iberian Peninsula’s largest country, which have long appeared in historical chronicles and polemical treatises, and in the twentieth century. became the object of coverage of the world, including Ukrainian newspapers. Methods. A comparative method was used to identify the specifics of the transfer of toponyms to designate the Iberian Peninsula’s famous country in different European languages. To analyze the identified units in the Ukrainian language, a descriptive method was used, and contextual analysis made it possible to trace the correlation of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Results. Based on the analysis of the history of the south European country’s nominations, several variants of the exotoponym and its derivatives have been identified: 1) Yshpaniia (Ishspaniia), Ispaniia; 2) Hishpaniia (Hyshpaniia); 3) Espania. The longest history among these exonyms was the Polonism “Hishpaniia”, which dominated the Ukrainian literary language from the end of the XVI to the beginning of the XVII century. and until the start of the XX century, when, with the probable mediation of the Roman languages, the distribution and codification in the Ukrainian Orthography (Pravopys) of 1929 acquired the form “Espania” and its derivatives – the most accurate corresponding to the endonym “España”. The exotoponym “Ispaniia” (Yshpaniia) was borrowed directly from Greek but had limited use until its codification in modern lexicographic sources and orthography. Conclusions. Studies of the history of using borrowed words make it possible to establish their origin, source of borrowing, and, consequently, the phonetic and graphic specifics in the recipient language. To analyze such names, it is important to consider the context of use, as well as extra-verbal factors that affect the dynamics of the use of such nominations, their connotation, and referential relation. An equally important factor that does not leave modern speakers indifferent is the authenticity of Ukrainian words, even borrowed ones. Considering all the arguments in the complex, we can make recommendations on word usage in modern literary language. Information about the author: Bohomolets-Barash Oleksandr Mykolaiovych – PhD, junior researcher at the Department of Dialectology of the Institute of Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Email: bohomolets.barash@knu.ua
history of the Ukrainian language, dynamics of the language norm, variability, proper names, borrowings, Ukrainian orthography
Copyright (c) 2025 Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Word-formation processes as a source of development of lexical and word-formation homonymy of the Ukrainian language
Background. The study of word-formation phenomena related to homonymy of different linguistic units is one of the most topical issues of modern linguistics. Despite the continuing attention of scholars to the problems of homonymy, many aspects of this linguistic phenomenon still remain unresolved. In particular, the emergence of lexical homonyms as a result of derivational processes has been described only in general terms, although word-formation mechanisms are among the most productive internal factors that lead to the emergence of homonymous lexical items. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to outline one aspect of the creation of potential lexical homonyms based on the word-formation models of deminitive suffixes. Particularly noteworthy are the cases of nouns with a figurative component of meaning, in which the affixes express the word-formation meaning of “similarity” and coincide in form with the suffixes of subjective evaluation, such as shrunken and caressing. Methods. The proposed study was carried out by means of the method of linguistic observation using the techniques of continuous sampling of lexical material from dictionary sources; component analysis of definitions of lexical units, structural and cognitive onomasiological methods. The method of comparison has revealed different lexicographic anchoring of the studied units: as sememes in the structure of polysemants or as homolexemes. Results. In the Ukrainian language, derived nouns with figurative content are often derived from substantive bases using the word-formation models of the deminitive formants -ик-, -к, -ок-, etc. The formation of associative and figurative representations of the nomination object is based on universal cognitive metaphorical models. Desemanticized deminitive suffixes express the word-formation meaning of “similarity”. Figurative noun derivatives formed on the model of deminitive suffixes from the same stem denote different, unrelated elements of reality, and therefore belong to separate lexical and semantic groups of words and to distinct word-formation types. Therefore, the recording of these units in lexicographical works ‒ as part of polysemy or as homonymous words ‒ is a matter of debate. This problem is also complicated by the different views of scholars on the ways in which such derivatives appear: their emergence as a result of semantic divergence or as a result of morphological word formation. Discussion and conclusions. The studied figurative derivatives reflect a special case of the formation of word-formation homonyms, which are also homolexemes or can potentially become them. The word-formation character of the phenomenon of homonymy is primarily associated with the use of homosuffixes, which in combination with the motivational basis, express different, semantically unrelated derivational meanings. The appearance of lexical items that are identical in phonemic and morphemic composition reflects the involvement of the same noun-motivators in the processes of word formation. Thus, the derivational processes of the described type are an important source of lexical and word-formation homonymy formation. The practice of fixing figurative derivatives in lexicographical works, including as homographs, requires the development of certain theoretical criteria for the semantic content of dictionary explanations, taking into account the content of figurative motivational features. Information about the author: Hutsuliak Tetiana Yevhenivna – Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Modern Ukrainian Language at Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University E-mail: t.gutsuliak@chnu.edu.ua
lexical homonymy, word-formation homonymy, figurative component of meaning, figurative derivatives, figurative motivational features, metaphorical model, deminitive models of word formation, lexicography
Copyright (c) 2025 Тетяна Гуцуляк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lexicographic modeling of neosemantisms in Ukrainian language dictionaries of the first quarter of the 21st century
Background. Contemporary Ukrainian language demonstrates the active functioning of neosemantisms – words with familiar forms but new meanings. The relevance of the study stems from the need for comprehensive lexicographic treatment of such units. The purpose of the research is to outline the principles and methodology of modeling neosemantisms in dictionaries of the first quarter of the 21st century and to present the electronic Dictionary of Neosemantisms. Methods. To achieve this objective, general scientific methods of induction, deduction, analysis, and synthesis were applied, alongside linguistic methods such as descriptive, comparative, selective approaches, and the method of lexicographic modeling of lexico-semantic phenomena. Results. The study reviews techniques and methods of lexicographic processing of neosemantisms in different types of contemporary Ukrainian dictionaries: dictionaries of neologisms, general explanatory dictionaries, individual-author dictionaries, and dictionaries of creative personalities' language, illustrating the most significant examples. It describes the electronic Dictionary of Neosemantisms, developed on the Lexonomy platform because of synthesizing theoretical frameworks and practical achievements of Ukrainian lexicographers. The article characterizes the dictionary's register (730 entries) and macrostructure, which includes the description of its conceptual basis, principles of compilation, list of illustrative sources, and an inventory of grammatical, stylistic, domain-specific, and stylistic remarks. Special attention is given to the microstructure, which models the functional potential of neosemantisms – covering the zones of headword, grammatical information, labels, definitions, illustrations with sources, collocations, derivational units, paradigmatic relations, and references to previous dictionary records. Sample dictionary entries for neosemantisms of different parts of speech are presented. Conclusions. Lexicographic modeling of neosemantisms remains a vital and engaging field of linguistic research, as language practice outpaced codification. The created electronic resource facilitates the documentation of neosemantisms, enables compact and informative representation of the functioning of lexemes with new meanings, and serves as a valuable tool for analyzing the dynamics of language development. Information about the author: Yuliia Tsyhvintseva – Doctor of Philosophy, Junior Research Fellow at the Department of Lexicology, Lexicography, and Structural-Mathematical Linguistics, Institute of Ukrainian Language, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine E-mail: tsyhvintseva@nas.gov.ua
neosemantism, lexicographic modeling, lexicographic description, macrostructure, microstructure, dictionary entry, dictionary, lexicography
Copyright (c) 2025 Юлія Цигвінцева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From word to number: linguistic and statistical “portrait” of the idiolect of Stepan Bandera
Background. The personality of S. Bandera has repeatedly been the subject of research by scholars in terms of non-linguistic categories. However, one of the most expressive aspects of the figure – the linguistic one – has not yet been the subject of systematic and in-depth study. Furthermore, the journalistic heritage of S. Bandera has not yet been subjected to a systematic linguistic and statistical analysis, which renders this study a valuable contribution to the field. The objective of this article is to provide a statistical parameterisation of the lexical and part-of-speech structure of S. Bandera’s texts, based on a textual sample of 10 journalistic articles (first editions). Methods: the method of retrospective editing of the text of reprints, statistical methods (calculation of statistical parameters, comparison of empirical data with the confidence interval of Ukrainian journalism, the method of statistical modelling), and the method of graphical presentation of statistical data. Results: 1) the articles from the 1978 edition were edited retrospectively and the textual material was digitised and categorised in a format suitable for automatic processing; 2) a corpus of all digitised first editions of articles was compiled; 3) the text of the articles – from the first edition and the 1978-edition – were compared; 4) frequency dictionaries in the Ukrainian Language Corpus were compiled based on the reconstructed texts; 5) a stylometric model of statistical research was formed, and several parameters of the statistical structure (lexical and part-of-speech) of S. Bandera’s text were calculated; 6) empirical values of linguistic and statistical parameters calculated manually were compared with confidence intervals of the media style and with the automatically calculated empirical data of the TextAttributor 1.0 web application. Conclusions. The study resulted in the creation of the inaugural lexicographic system of frequency dictionaries in Ukrainian computer lexicography, based on the initial editions of S. Bandera’s articles. The linguistic and statistical modelling of the texts allows us to speak of the systematisation of statistical data and the formation of a linguistic and statistical “portrait” of S. Bandera’s idiolect. This is a set of all empirical data on the statistical structure of his texts, comprising nine statistical parameters, which have been calculated and compared with the confidence intervals of the statistical parameters of the journalistic style of the Ukrainian language in general. Information about the author: Zuban Oksana – PhD (Philol.), Assoc. Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: oxana.zuban@knu.ua Kryvenok Vladyslav – student of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: vladyslavkryvenok@knu.ua __________ REFERENCES Buk,S. N. (2021). Long prose fiction by Ivan Franko: electronic corpus, frequency dic-tionaries, and other interdisciplinary contexts. Ivan Franko Lviv National University [in Ukrainian]. Buk,S. (2012). Quantitative comparison of texts (based on material of the 1884 and 1907 editions of Ivan Franko’s novel “Boa constrictor”). Ukrainian Literary Studies, 76, 179–192 [in Ukrainian]. Corpus of the Ukrainian language (2024) [inUkrainian]. http://www.mova.info/corpus.aspx Darchuk, (2021). Non-conjunctiveness in the poetric works of Lesya Ukrainka. Linguistic Studies, 42, 117–138 [inUkrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31558/1815-3070.2021.42.12 Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vol. (1970-1980). Naukova Dumka [inUkrainian]. http://ukrlit.org/slovnyk/slovnyk_ukrainskoi_movy_v_11_tomakh Farion, (2013). Language norm: destruction, search, renewal (culture of public speech). Misto NV [inUkrainian]. Perebyinis,S., Muravytska, M. P., & Darchuk, N. P (1985). Frequency dictionaries and their use. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Perebyinis,S., (Ed.) (1967). Statistical parameters of styles. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. TextAttributor0 (2024) [inUkrainian]. http://ta.mova.info TextAttributor0. Методика (2024) [inUkrainian]. http://ta.mova.info/methods Tsyperdiuk, (2013). Publicistic speech of Stepan Bandera in terms of modern language norms. Scientific works. Philology. Linguistics, 216, №204, 118–123 [in Ukrainian]. Zuban, (2020) Computer lexicographic modeling of the morpheme system of the Ukrainian language. Publishing house “Kyiv University” [inUkrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721/978-966-439-819-7 SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL[1] Bandera, S. (1946a). To the principles of our liberation policy. Vyzvolna polityka [Liberation politics], pts. 9–10, 12–19 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1946b). To the problem of political consolidation. Vyzvolna polityka [Liberation politics], pts. 4–5, 6–24 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1946c). The significance of the masses and their outreach. Vyzvolna polityka [Liberation politics], pts. 1, 15–17 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1948a). The planned nature of the revolutionary struggle in the region. Vyzvolna polityka [Liberation politics], pt. 1 (18), 8–18 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1948b). A word to Ukrainian nationalist revolutionaries abroad. Vyd. ZCh OUN [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1950a). On the tenth anniversary of the establishment of the OUN Revolutionary Leadership (10.2.1940). Surma [Trumpet], pts. 18–19, 1–8 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1950b). The Korean War and National Liberation Policy. Surma [Trumpet], pt. 21, 1–3 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1950с). Friends – Ukrainian nationalists! Surma [Trumpet], pt. 24, 4–5 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1950d). World War III and the liberation struggle. Surma [Trumpet], pts. 22–23, 1–4; pt. 24, 7–10 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1950e). Ukrainian national revolution, not just anti-regime resistance. Ukrainskyi samostiinyk [Ukrainian independent], pt. 3, 2–3; pt. 5, 2–3; pt. 7, 2–3; pt. 8, 2; pt. 10, 2; pts. 11–13, 2–3; pt. 15, 2–3 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1954). Commander – leader (in the footsteps of the glorious memory of Roman Shukhevych). Shliakh peremohy [The path of victory], pt. 3, 2; pt. 5, 2; pt. 6, 2; pt. 7, 2 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1959). My life story (initial typescript of S. Bandera’s autobiography with editorial changes in 1961 for the “Voice of Ukraine”). F. 21 op. 1 od. zb 37 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1961). My life story. Homin Ukrainy [Voice of Ukraine], 42/648, 2; 43/649, 2; 44/650, 2; 45/651, 2 [in Ukrainian]. Bandera, S. (1998). Prospects for the Ukrainian revolution. Vydavnycha firma “Vidrodzhennia” [in Ukrainian]. http://dontsov-nic.com.ua/stepan-bandera-perspektyvy-ukrajinskoji-revolyutsiji/ [1] Retrieved from https://ounuis.info/library/, except last source.
Ukrainian language, idiolect, stylometric model, statistical parameter, corpus of texts, frequency dictionary
Copyright (c) 2024 Оксана ЗУБАНЬ, Владислав КРИВЕНОК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Indexing of the negative sentiment of the Ukrainian text by “TextAttributor 1.0”
Background. In the twenty-first century, the information space is a full-fledged battlefield. In the Ukrainian information space, the problem of text toxicity and hate speech is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the interest of researchers in markers of negative textual tone, especially in media texts, is constantly growing. The article describes the structure and results of a separate module of the automatic system of statistical parameterization of Ukrainian-language texts “TextAttributor 1.0” – determination of the text toxicity index. The tasks are solved by two methods: the method of dictionaries and rules (calculation of statistical parameters) and the method of machine learning. The results of the study are based on the material of the corpus of online media texts of political discourse with a volume of 10 million word occurrences. To achieve this goal, a lexicographic database was created, including three dictionaries: Emotiogens, Hate Speech, and Toxic Compounds, and training and control samples of texts were formed to estimate the parameters of the selected model using machine learning. The project chose a computationally efficient architecture based on the fastText methodology and tools. The toxicity index is calculated by verbally identifying the negative sentiment of the text based on the linguistic and software-generated and is detected by the system-generated linguistic examination of the text, which displays a statistical map of semantic classes of negative vocabulary by classification markers of lexicographic lists, and the output of the neural network. Сonclusions.The “TextAttributor 1.0” system is at the stage of testing and improving its functionality, so the article describes an intermediate β-version of the system, but the results obtained in determining toxicity show that the developed methodology for quantifying verbal means by semantic parameters (negative emotionality) using dictionaries and rules and machine learning is effective in achieving the tasks set and makes it possible not only to determine the boundary between toxic and neutral text but also to approach the solution of the problem based on the lexical categories inherent in the text. The methodology for developing a module for determining the toxicity of media text in the “TextAttributor 1.0” system was described and published on the web application page in April 2024, but this information is published for the first time in the form of a research article. Information about the author: Darchuk Nataliia – DSc (Philol.), Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: n.darchuk@knu.ua Zuban Oksana – PhD (Philol.), Assoc. Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: oxana.zuban@knu.ua Robeiko Valentyna – Assist. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: valentyna.robeiko@knu.ua Tsyhvintseva Yuliia – PhD, Junior Researcher of the Department of Lexicology, Lexicography and Structural-Mathematical Linguistics, Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Ukraine). E-mail: tsyhvintseva@nas.gov.ua ___________ REFERENCES Cambria, E., Zhang, X., Mao, R., Chen, M., & Kwok, K. (2024). SenticNet 8: Fusing emotion AI and commonsense AI for interpretable, trustworthy, and explainable affective computing. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII). https://sentic.net/publications/ Corpus of the Ukrainian language (2003–2024). Mova.info: linguistic portal [in Ukrainian]. http://www.mova.info/corpus.aspx Cui, J., Wang, Z., Ho, S.-B., & Cambria., E. (2023). Survey on sentiment analysis: evolution of research methods and topics. Artifcial Intelligence Review, 56, 8469–8510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10386-z Darchuk,N., Zuban, O., Lanhenbakh, M., & Khodakivska, Ya. (2016). AGAT-semantics: semantic markup of the Ukrainian language corpus. Ukrainian linguistics, 1(46), 92–102 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721/um/46(2016) Darchuk,N. (2019). Linguistic approach for development of computer-based sentiment analysis in the Ukrainian language. Science and education a new dimension, 189, 10–13 [in Ukrainian]. Dictionary of media literacy (2022) [in Ukrainian]. https://filter.mkip.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/slovnyk.pdf Ivanov,Ye. M., & Kovalenko, S. V. (2017). Development of a web application for analysing the tone of textual information. Information technology: science, engineering, technology, education, health, 1, 18–19 [in Ukrainian]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161789959.pdf Joulin, A., Grave, E., Bojanowski, P., Douze, M., Jégou, H., & Mikolov, T. (2016). FastText.zip: Compressing text classification models. Cornell Univercity. Computer Science. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1612.03651 Nandwani,P., & Verma, R. (2021). A review on sentiment analysis and emotion detection from text. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 11, 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00776-6 Olenych, I., Prytula, M., Sinkevych, O., & Khamar, O. (2021). System of automatic determination of text tone. Electronics and information technologies, 15, 16–23 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.30970/eli.15.2 Paul,J., Das Chatterjee, A., Misra, D., Majumder, S., Rana, S., Gain, M., & Sil, J. (2024). A survey and comparative study on negative sentiment analysis in social media data. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 1–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18452-0 Pocheptsov,Н. (2016). Modern information wars. Vydavnychyi dim “Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia” [in Ukrainian]. Romaniuk, A., Romanyshyn, M. (2013). Tonal dictionary of the Ukrainian language based on sentiment-annotated corpus. Ukrainian linguistics, 43, 63–74 [in Ukrainian]. Reveilhac,M., & Morselli, D. (2022). Dictionary-based and machine learning classification approaches: a comparison for tonality and frame detection on Twitter data. Political Research Exchange, 4(1), 182–184. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/2474736X.2022.2029217 Shakhovska, N., & Hirak, K. (2017). Ranging of emotive words for the use in the methods of tone classification. Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 872(1), 195–203 [in Ukrainian]. https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2018/jun/13016/ilovepdfcom-195-203.pdf Shkvorchenko, N. (2023). Political toxicity in the contrastive perspective (Based on American, British and Ukrainian media discourse). Cognition, communication, discourse, 26, 152–173. https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2023-26-09 Shyngalov, D., Meleshko, Ye., Mynaylenko, R., & Reznichenko, V. (2017). Methods of automated sentiment analysis on social networks. Machinery in agricultural production, industry machine building, automation, 30, 196–202 [in Ukrainian]. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/znpkntu_2017_30_29 Stakhiv, M., & Skopivskyi, S. (2024). From text analysis to natural language modeling: a comprehensive exploration. Herald of Khmelnytskyi national university. Series: Technical sciences, 333 (2), 242–250 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2024-333-2-38 TextAttributor 1.0 (2024) [in Ukrainian]. http://ta.mova.info TextAttributor 1.0. Methodology (2024) [in Ukrainian]. http://ta.mova.info/methods Tolochko, O. (2023). Tonal dictionary of the Ukrainian language [in Ukrainian]. https://github.com/Oksana504/sentimentdictionary-uk Yalova, K., Yashyna, K., Hovorushchenko, T., Tarasiuk, O. (2021). Sentiment analysis with neural network. Mathematical Modeling, 1(44), 30–37 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31319/2519-8106.1(44)2021.235906 Zalutska, O., Molchanova, M., Mazurets, O., Melnyk, O., & Skrypnyk, T. (2023). Method for intellectual analysis of textual information emotional tonality for determine the behavioral intentions by neural networks means. Bulletin of Khmelnytsky National University. Technical Sciences, 1, 5, 67–73 [in Ukrainian]. https://elar.khmnu.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/7d4a9f0d-53d5-4633-bf69-e360e5206a70/content Zuban,O. M., & Bilous, V. V. (2018). Automatic determination of lexical tone of Ukrainian-language text (based on TSN news). In V International Scientific and Practical Conference “Information Technology and Interaction (IT&I’2018)”, (pp. 182–183) [in Ukrainian]. http://iti.fit.univ.kiev.ua/wp-content/uploads/ITI-2018.pdf
Ukrainian-language media text, toxic text, hate speech, sentiment, negative sentiment, text toxicity index
Copyright (c) 2024 Наталія ДАРЧУК, Оксана ЗУБАНЬ, Валентина РОБЕЙКО, Юлія ЦИГВІНЦЕВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language means of manipulation in advertising on Ukrainian Telegram channels
Background. With the increasing access to the internet among Ukrainians, mass media is transitioning from traditional methods of disseminating information to modern ones, such as social media channels and chatbots. This article investigates the linguistic tools of manipulation in advertisements on Ukrainian Telegram channels, focusing on “Times of Ukraine”, “Real Ukraine | Radar Alarm”, and “HK Kyiv”. Methods. The study encompasses over 950,000 word usages, including 1,200 advertising announcements, analyzed through linguistic research methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The research identified consistent use of directive style, emotionally charged lexicon, iconic signs (emojis), appeals to authority, omission of primary sources, hyperbolization, capitalization (writing in all caps), bold highlighting of certain phrases, implications of fear and urgency, calls to action, and persuasive tactics through quantification (in case of presenting statistical data) by the authors of the advertising texts. Emotionally charged language was a characteristic feature across the corpus. The authors frequently utilized affective lexicon that resonates with the audience's feelings, enhancing the persuasiveness of the messages. Furthermore, strategic appeals to authority through references to influential figures or institutions were identified as tactics to establish and/or strengthen trust in the information source. The analysis also revealed an overuse of the technique of omitting the primary source by the authors, which undermines the credibility of such messages. The study also demonstrated the use of hyperbolic expressions designed to create an enhanced sense of urgency and compel the reader to act in favor of the Telegram channel. Conclusion. The findings highlight the need to increase the level of media literacy among digital content consumers. The implications of these findings are manifold. Not only do they shed light on the rhetorical sophistication within social media landscapes, but they also provide empirical data to inform the development of educational initiatives and digital tools aimed at empowering users to navigate the complexities of online information. The research thereby contributes to the growing body of knowledge in cognitive and behavioral responses to online communication, underpinning strategies for resisting manipulative messages and fostering information hygiene in the digital age. Information about the author: Taras Holota – PhD student of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: taras.holota@knu.ua ____________ REFERENCES Bilokonenko, L. A. (2013). Discursive markers of conflict: Cognitive and pragmatic aspects. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho universytetu. Seriia : Movoznavstvo, vol. 21, 19(1), 45–51 [in Ukrainian]. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vdumo_2013_21_19%281%29__10 Bugayova, O. (2019). Semantic lexico-word-formation fields in social advertising as a tool of language programming. Society. Document. Communication, 6, 92–105 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31470/2518-7600-2018-6-92-105 3. Cambridge Dictionary. (n. d.). Retrieved October 26, 2023 from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/emoji 4. Ekshmidt, V. R. (2015). Verbal manipulation: Persuasiveness and suggestion. Movni i kontseptualni kartyny svitu, 1(52), 275–281 [in Ukrainian]. 5. Gnezdilova, Ya. V. (2016). Emotional manipulation: techniques of influence. Mova i kultura, 18, vol. IV(179), 171–176 [in Ukrainian]. 6. Gradus Research Company. (n. d.). Retrieved October 26, 2023 from https://gradus.app/uk/open-reports/what-ukrainians-buy-and-do-online-during-war/ 7. KIIS. (n. d.). Retrieved October 26, 2023 from https://kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=1307&page=1&fbclid=IwAR3QKVvs3SthNnBLDZTKJO8Hyw_wGTImhLfpAXsyKQl28PWfXhZlsZbVkX0 8. Kyrychok, T. Yu. (2008). Use of advantages of hypertext technologies in network advertising. Technology and Technique of Typography, 3–4(21–22), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.20535/2077-7264.3-4(21-22).2008.58843 [in Ukrainian]. 9. Riznyk, V. A. (2023). Counteraction to disinformation in political advertising: legal aspect. Herald of Lviv University of Trade and Economics Law sciences, 13, 39–44 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.32782/2616-7611-2023-13-07 10. TGStat. (n. d.). Retrieved October 26, 2023 from https://uk.tgstat.com/ 11. Vinnichuk, O. V., & Biletskaya, T. V. (2020). Psychological aspects in political advertising: Ukrainian experience. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu oborony Ukrainy, 5(58), 41–47 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2020-58-5-41-47 SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL HC Kyiv, from https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFRlCKwVZLRkEQPdEg [in Ukrainian]. Real Ukraine / Radar Signal UA, from https://t.me/joinchat/l2TNexCNI 6YzZDIy [in Ukrainian]. Times of Ukraine, from https://t.me/joinchat/316JiBCDCgljMzEy [in Ukrainian].
language manipulation in advertising texts, language tools of emotion manipulation, verbalization of disinformation in the media
Copyright (c) 2024 Тарас ГОЛОТА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Affectonyms in the linguistic worldview of ukrainians of the XXI century
Background. Affectonyms are linguistic resources with inherent positive-evaluative coloring, expressed through various emotional lexemes across different language levels. These units in contemporary Ukrainian song lyrics have not been studied linguistically, making this article relevant. The study of affectonyms in contemporary Ukrainian song lyrics helps to understand their role in the linguistic worldview Ukrainians of the XXI century. Methods. To fulfill the tasks, set out in the article, descriptive method, functional method, systematic analysis, contextual analysis, and component analysis were used. Results. The lexical and semantic diversity of affectonyms is vast and dynamic, constantly enriched by communicators’ creativity. A key feature of affectonyms is their aim to elicit a reaction from the addressee. Contemporary Ukrainian bands and performers use affectonyms in the following groups: 1) zoomorphisms; 2) florisms; 3) lexemes to refer to people by their external features and the speaker’s attitude; 4) names with astronomical and meteorological meanings; 5) names of mythological creatures, heroes of famous works 6) names of titles; 7) names with the meaning of preciousness; 8) lexemes with negative semantics; 9) names of abstract concepts; 10) polite and formal forms; 11) names of household items; 12) names with the meaning of “beloved”. The lyrics of contemporary Ukrainian bands and performers are dominated by noun affectonyms due to their ability to express deep emotions. Adjectives are less common, as their emotional intensity is lower, but uninflated feminine adjective forms show a continuation of folklore traditions. Musicians use affectonym phrases to create complex expressions of emotional connection and sound images in music. Conclusion. Affectonyms have always occupied an important place in the linguistic worldview of Ukrainians, reflecting the specifics of their emotional comprehension of the world and being an organic component of communication and creativity of both previous generations and modern Ukrainians. Information about the author: Zoriana Hrytsyna – student of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: zoriana.gr@gmail.com ____________ REFERENCES Chabanenko, V.A. (1984). Basics of linguistic expression. High school [in Ukrainian]. Danylyuk, N.O. (2010). A poetic word in a Ukrainian folk song. Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University [in Ukrainian]. Dashko, L.T. (2013). Affectonym in English. Lexical-semantic analysis. Languages and the world: research and teaching, 115, 250–252 [in Ukrainian]. Grygorash, S.M. (2013). Vocabulary intimate sphere of human life (the category of persons): structural and semantic features. Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University Journal. Philological sciences, 6 (72), 261–265 [in Ukrainian]. Harrod, S.G. (1909). Latin terms of endearment and of family relationship; a lexicographical study based on volume VI of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Princeton University. Kobos Z.-K., Jurič P. (2010). Pogled v poljsko, slovensko in makedonsko jezikovno čustveno plat [in Slovenian]. https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id= 144542&lang=slv Kunze,K. (1998). Vor- und Familiennamen im deutschen Sprachgebiet. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag [in German]. Makhnii, M. M. (2011). Ukrainian affectonyms: a variety of intimate names of a loved one. In M. M. Makhnii. Extraordinary anthropology: popular science course, (pp. 168–171). Chernihiv National Pedagogical University [inUkrainian]. Moklyak, O.I. (2015). Linguo-pragmatic characteristics of Ukrainian affectonyms [Dissertation of the Candidate of Philol. Sciences, O. O. Potebnya Institute of Linguistics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine] [in Ukrainian]. Perlin, J., & Milewska, M. (2000). Afektonimy w polskim, francuskim, hiszpańskim i niderlandzkim. Analiza morfologiczna i semantyczna. Uczucia w języku i tekśtie. Jeźyk a kultura, 14, 165–173 [in Polish]. Poliuha, L.M. (1984). Oh, you, girl, bright dawn! (About addressing a loved one). Culture of the word, 27, 70–73 [in Ukrainian]. Popovych, A.S. (2017). Stylistics of the Ukrainian language. Kamianets-Podіlskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University [in Ukrainian]. Romanenko, O.P. (2022). Combinatorial semantics of diminutives in modern Greek, Serbian and Ukrainian languages (based on the material of lullabies) [Doctoral dissertation (Philology), Kyiv National Linguistic University] [in Ukrainian]. Słownik SJP.PL. https://sjp.pl/ [in Polish]. Treps, M. (1997). Le Dico des mots-caresses. SEUIL [inFrench]. Ulytskyi,, & Levytskyi,B. (Eds.) (1946). Ukrainian folk song [in Ukrainian]. https://diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/20785/file.pdf. Zhaivoronok, V. (Ed.) (2012). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Prosvita [inUkrainian]. Zhuravliova,N. M. (2012). Poetics of Ukrainian epistolary politeness of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Zaporizhzhia National University [in Ukrainian].
affectonym, lexical and semantic groups of affectonyms, evaluative colouring, linguistic worldview
Copyright (c) 2024 Зоряна ГРИЦИНА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explicit ways of expressing comparativity in Ukrainian paremias of the 19th century
Background. For modern historical linguistics, the study of the comparativity of linguistic units is extremely relevant, because the verbalization of the processes and results of comparing actions, phenomena or objects not only sheds light on the system of views of our ancestors, their ideas about people and their place in the world, but also makes it possible to trace the peculiarities of the linguistic system on a certain synchronous slice. It is especially interesting to identify the specificity of the selection of linguistic means for the implementation of comparative semantics in paremias, which were an integral part of the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians in the past. Methods. In the study, we applied the comparative method to consider the peculiarities of the ways of expressing comparativity in paremias, attested in the collections of I. Franko “Galician-Ruthenian folk paremias” (1901–1910) and M. Nomys “Ukrainian proverbs, sayings, and the like” (1864), as well as a descriptive method with the using of internal interpretation for the classification of analyzed units according to clearly defined parameters. Results. On the basis of existing classifications of comparative constructions, a separate classification of ways of expressing comparativity in paremias was proposed. Two main ways of expressing comparative relations in paremic units are defined – explicit and implicit, as well as their subspecies. Structurally complete comparative constructions (comparative inflections (uncommon and common) with conjunctions як, мов, немов, наче, неначе, неначебто, ніби, нібито, немовби, немовбито etc. + subordinate clauses); constructions with forms of degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives: кращий, ніж…; вищий, ніж…; units that only have an object of comparison are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to comparative paremias, which include comparative conjunctions of ancient origin (мол, аки/ак, коби), which the modern Ukrainian language does not record, as well as units with two comparative conjunctions, which act as means of linguistic design of comparative semantics. Conclusion. The study of comparative paremias, attested in the analyzed collections, makes it possible to reveal the specifics of the verbalization of reality by Ukrainians of the 19th century, to clarify the role and place of paremias in their linguistic picture of the world, to trace the dynamics of the lexical and phraseological subsystems of the Ukrainian language of this period. Among the explicit ways of expressing comparativity, the most productive is the creation of structurally complete comparative constructions (comparative phrases (uncommon and common) with comparative conjunctions, as well as subordinate clauses). Information about the author: Maksym Bondarenko – PhD student of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: maximbondarenko@knu.ua _________ REFERENCES Bondarenko, M. O. (2023a). Semantics and linguocultural potential of comparative paremias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and so on”). Ukrainian language, 1(85), 114–124 [inUkrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2023.01.114 Bondarenko, M. O. (2023b). Onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paramias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and the like”). Ukrainian linguistics, 53, 120–134 [inUkrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721/um/53(2023).120-134 Grypas,O. Yu. (2013). Principles of categorization of comparativity as a system formation in the Ukrainian language. Studia philologica, 2, 16–19 [in Ukrainian]. Grypas,O. Yu. (2010). Aspects of the study of the functional-semantic category of comparison. Scientific journal of the National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Drahomanov. Series 10: Problems of grammar and lexicology of the Ukrainian language, 6, 97–100 [in Ukrainian]. Romanchenko,A. P. (2012). Lexical-semantic means of expressing comparativity (function and realization). Bulletin of ONU, 17, 4, 149–158 [in Ukrainian]. Sadova,H. Yu. (2006). Semantic and syntactic organization of comparative paremias [Abstract of the thesis of the Candidate of Philol. Sciences, Institute of Linguistics named after O. O. Potebnia of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine] [in Ukrainian]. Shapovalova,N. P. (1998). The functional-semantic status of comparative constructions in the modern Ukrainian language [Abstract of the thesis of the Candidate of Philol. Sciences, Dnipropetrovsk State University] [in Ukrainian]. Shulga,S. Ya. (2015). Comparative relations on the material of Ukrainian and English paremias: a comparative aspect. Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanitarian University. Series: Philology, 19(2), 137–140 [in Ukrainian]. Shchepka,O. (2015). Comparative Units as Representants of Functional Semantic Category of Graduality. Scientific notes of Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyi. Series: Philology (linguistics), 22, 121–124 [in Ukrainian]. Vorobyova,Zh. Yu. (2005). Comparison in the functional-semantic aspect. Scientific journal of the National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Drahomanov. Series 8: Philological sciences (linguistics and literary studies), 1, 41–45 [in Ukrainian]. SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL Г. – Grinchenko, B. (Compiler) (1996). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 4 volumes, vol. 2. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Н. – Nomys, M. (Compiler), Pazyak, M. M. (Ed.) (1993). Ukrainian Sayings, Proverbs and the Like. Lybid [in Ukrainian]. СС – Zeitlin, R. M., Vecherka, R., & E. Blagova (Eds.) (1999). Old Slavonic dictionary (based on manuscripts of the 10th–11th centuries). Russkiy yazyk [in Russian]. CУМ – СУМ – Bilodid, I. K. (Ed.) (1970–1980). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols, vol. 4. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. СУМ XVІ–XVII – Hrynchyshyn, D., & Chikalo, M. (Eds.) (1994). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the 16th – first half of the 17th centuries, 1. I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [in Ukrainian]. Ф. – Franko, I. (Ed.) (2006). Galician-Ruthenian Folk Paremias: in 3 volumes. Ivan Franko LNU Publishing Center [in Ukrainian].
comparativity, comparative paremias, comparative constructions, structural features of paremias, explicit ways of expressing comparativity, linguistic picture of the world
Copyright (c) 2024 Максим БОНДАРЕНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The colourful world of poetry by Anatolii Moisiienko
Background. The colourful world of A. Moisiienko’s poetry is analyzed in the article. The author clearly outlines the linguistic picture of the writer’s world, his inner perception of the environment through the colour. The analysis is carried out in the lexical and semantic aspect, taking into account the grammatical and word-formation expression of colour designations, which allows to outline the mental consciousness of the writer, and his artistic personality, which is an integral part of the author’s poems, shapes the mood of the work, its uniqueness. The use of colours is essential in the writer’s idiostyle, which defines the creative image of the author, manifested in his views on the phenomena of nature and human life. Methods. Descriptive, contextual, transformational-stylistic. Results. In A. Moisiienko’s poetry, colours denote natural phenomena, serve as means of depicting landscapes, portraits, and phenomena of the surrounding world, convey the mood of the lyrical hero, and depict both abstract concepts and concrete objects. All these colourful images have absorbed the depth of national culture, folk psychology, and the individual worldview. The author’s arsenal includes both achromatic and chromatic colours. Colourful lexemes are expressed by different parts of speech: adjectives, nouns, verbs, and adverbs, which have different structures, convey different colour saturation, and are characterized by different syntagmatic patterns with different associative fields. Conclusion. The colourful world of Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetry is his life, environment, native land, and people around him, that is, a bright, diverse national and cultural time-space in which the lyrical hero of the author’s poems lives. The colouristic paradigm of the artist’s poetic works covers the widest layer of semantic designations of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, portrait and inner emotional characteristics. In addition to its primary meaning, the colourful word in the poetry of A. Moisiienko performs an important associative and figurative, symbolic function, becomes an individual marker of the poetic text. Each colour can vary in colour tone, saturation, and clarity, which allows one to define the surrounding world and the lyrical hero in it quite accurately and at the same time figuratively. Information about the author: Iryna KOCHAN – DSc (Philol.), Prof., Ivan Franko National University, Lviv (Ukraine). E-mail: kim1950@i.ua ____________ REFERENCES Kononenko, V. (2018). Lingupoetic sketches. Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University [in Ukrainian]. Osipchuk, H. (2020). Reception of the image of nature in Anatoliy Moysienko’s poetic work (based on the material of the collection “I was illuminated by violins with love”). Aktualni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk, 29, 3, 72–78 [in Ukrainian]. eUSPUIR. https://dspace.udpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/ 13215 Strokal, О. (2018). Poetics of color names in Anatolii Moisiienko’s creativity. Ukrainian linguistics, 1(48), 29–36 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721 /um/48(2018).29-36 ___________ SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL Moisiienko, A. K. (2006). Selected. Poetry and translations / Foreword by Zhulynskyi M. G. Fenix [in Ukrainian]. Moisiienko, A. (2022). Zelen-kushch na kamianim uzbichchi [A green bush on a stone curb]. Interservis [in Ukrainian].
colors of poetry, semantics of barvolexes, author’s picture of the world, idiostyle, Anatolii Moisiienko
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Structural and functional features of parceled constructions (based on the poems of Anatolii Moisiienko)
Background. Parceled constructions are qualified as special stylistic figures, in which parts of a single sentence are separated into independent sentences by intonation or punctuation. The main statement is considered the basic part. The parcel is one or more defined components that function as separate syntactic units but are completely dependent on the main structure both by implication and syntactic functions. The content-enhancing and rhythm-melodic functions of parceled constructions, which are in the first instance used to enhance their semantic weight, are considered to be the main ones. Methods. To determine the structural and functional features of parceled constructions of Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetic works, the following methods were used: linguo-stylistic analysis (the regularities of language functioning in various spheres of communication are determined), the pragmatic method (the internal regularities of the choice and lexical units use in a typified communication situation are identified), the contextual method (the semantics of language units are analyzed in unity with their micro-context and macro-context, what makes it possible to establish the meaning of the studied element of the text), discursive analysis (characterizing of the communicative event, the situation that integrates the text, with other its components, in particular with circumstances, time, space, cognitive and psychological factors), intent analysis (actual intentions of communication participants are revealed by the features of their speech, communicative behavior). Results. It is proposed to divide the parceled constructions into two groups: 1) parceled sentences, when the parcels are parts of complex sentences – complex ordinal, complex subjunctive, complex unconjunctive; 2) parceled parts of the sentence – subjects, predicates, adjuncts, definitions and circumstances. Parceling is determined both by the features of the rhythm-meloding of poetry and by the need to specify the peculiarities of the depicted events, first of all emphasizing their semantic weight. Conclusions. In the poetic works of Anatolii Moisiienko, parcelation is an important stylistic tool. Parts of compound, complex sentences, parceled Predicates, and Adverbial Modifiers of manner, as well as combined constructions where different types of parceling are combined, actively play the role of parcels. Information about the author: Nataliya Torchynska – PhD (Philol.), As. Prof., Khmelnytskyi National University (Ukraine) E-mail: torchynskаn@khmnu.edu.ua Mykhailo Torchynskyi – DSc (Philol.), Prof., Khmelnytskyi National University (Ukraine) E-mail: torchynskyim@khmnu.edu.ua ____________ REFERENCES 1. Achilova, V. P. (2011). Parceling as one of the of expressive syntax techniguis. Scientific Notes of Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University. Series “Phylology. Social communications”, 24 (63), № 1, р. 2, 25–31 [in Ukrainian]. 2. Boyko, N. (2023). Dominants of scientific language education Anatolii Moisiienko. Ukrainian linguistics, 1(53), 73–87 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721/um/53(2023).73-87 3. Haliv, U. (2014). Parcelyaciya as а dominant of Lina Kostenko’s poetic syntax (from the historical novels “Berestechko” and “Marusya Churay”). Humanitarna osvita v tekhnichnykh vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladakh, 29, 47–56 [in Ukrainian]. 4. Yermolenko, S. Ya. (2017). Linguisticstylistics in the context of general linguistics. Movoznavstvo, 4, 20–27[in Ukrainian]. 5. Kuzmenko, V. (2009). Facing the sun: modern traditions and modern traditions as sources of poetics by Anatoly Moysienko. Visnyk Mariupolskoho derzhavnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Filolohiia, 2, 101–107[in Ukrainian]. 6. Osipchuk, H. (2020). Reception of the image of nature in Anatoliy Moysienko’s poetic work (based on the material of the collection “I was illuminated by violins with love”). Aktualni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk, 29, 3, 72–78 [in Ukrainian]. eUSPUIR. https://dspace.udpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/ 13215 7. Petriv, Kh. (2015). Parceling as a method of expressive syntax in the system of Oksana Pakhlovska’s individual style. Linhvostylistychni studii, 2, 126–133 [in Ukrainian]. https://lingvostud.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/lingvostud/article/view/55 8. Pyskach, O. (2011). The peculiarities of parcelling of the main syntagmas of the complex sentence in the language of Transcarpathian press in the end of XX century – at the beginning of XXI century. Ukrainoznavets. Lviv, 134–137 [in Ukrainian]. https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/lib/49263 9. Rusanivskyi V. M. (Ed.) (2004). Ukrainian language. Encyclopedia. Vyd-vo “Ukrainska entsyklopediia” im. M. P. Bazhana [in Ukrainian]. 10. Shevchenko, T. V. (2007). Parcellation in Ukrainian poetic speech of the second half of the 20th century [Abstract of the thesis of the Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Dnipropetrovsk National University] [in Ukrainian]. 11. Stanislav, O. (2012). Problema partseliatsii u suchasnii linhvistychnii nautsi [The problem of parcellation in modern linguistic science]. Naukovi zapysky. Seriia: filolohichni nauky, 105 (1), 377–381 [in Ukrainian]. eVNUIR. https://evnuir.vnu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1194 12. Strokal, O. (2018). Poetics of color names in Anatolii Moisiienko’s creativity. Ukrainian linguistics, 1 (48), 29–36 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.17721/um/48(2018).29-36 13. Topchyi, L. V. (2019). Functional and stylistic proofs of parceling in the work “Vichnyk. Spovid dukhu” by Myroslav Dochyntsa. Scientific Notes of Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University. Series “Phylology. Social communications”, 30 (69), 2, 1, 42–46 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.32838/2663-6069/2019.2-1/08 14. Vintoniv, M. O., Vintoniv, T. M., & Mala, Yu. V. (2018). Syntactic means of expressiveness in Ukrainian political discourse. TOV “TVORY” [in Ukrainian]. 15. Zahnitko, A. (2009). Ukrainian syntax: theoretical and applied aspect. Donetsk [in Ukrainian]. SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL М–22 – Moisiienko, A. (2022). Zelen-kushch na kamianim uzbichchi [A green bush on a stone curb]. Interservis [in Ukrainian]. М–16 – Moisiienko, A. (2016). Leza zel. Knyha verlibriv [Blades of green. The book of verlibres]. Dyvosvit [in Ukrainian]. М–18 – Moisiienko, A. (2018). Synolit likhtariv synoyrii. Knyha sonetiv. Zi studii pro sonet [The blue light of the lanterns is blue. A book of sonnets. From studies about the sonnet]. Shchek [in Ukrainian].
parceling, basic part, parcel, structure, functioning, stylistic and expressive possibilities
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Rhyme as a structural component of the sonnet text
Background. The article deals with the description of rhyme structures and their functioning in the Ukrainian sonnet text. Using a wide range of case studies, the author examines rhyme structures that are characteristic of the classical European sonnet, represented by Italian, French, and English forms, as well as the contagion plan for such forms. The author analyzes the role of rhyme in the structural and compositional organization of the stanza and the integral system of sonnet verse, with a projection on the author's own artistic and aesthetic perception of such integrity. Methods. Descriptive, systematization and matrix modelling, contextual. Results. The author traces the regularities of the construction of Ukrainian sonnet verse, taking into account both the established criteria for the use of rhyme and numerous modifications related to the nature and functioning of the rhyme construct. Different structural types of rhymes are considered ‒ in terms of partial expression, full and incomplete rhymes, functional role, for example, homonymous pairs ‒ in a sentence, a separate stanza, and an entire sonnet text. Varieties of rich rhyme are characterized (based on full consonances, when a fully rhyming word correlates with the rhyme component of the correlated word when a phoneme sound is inserted/dropped before the stressed syllable, when rhyming words differ only in the initial components of the phoneme complex preceding the stressed syllable, in particular, with intervocalic modification in such a preposition, etc. The author emphasizes the role of rhyme in creating a holistic poetic matrix of the sonnet, with certain instruments, anagramming, enjambment, and chiasmic alternation. Conclusions. Rhyme in the sonnet text, in addition to its background role, performs an important structural, compositional, and genre-creating function. Rhyme diversity, both in the established structures of stanza organization and with a variety of modifications, in particular, with the leftward spread of the rhyme component (with consonance inside, at the beginning of the word) in the modern sonnet, is an important factor in enriching the phonetic palette of the poem. A peculiar rhyme resonance at the level of individual syllables, syllables and words, and entire lines contributes to the dynamization and aestheticization of the artistic structure. Rhyme becomes a kind of faceting not only of the sound but also of the figurative and semantic integrity of the work. Information about the author: Anatolii Moisiienko – DSc (Philol.), Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: a.moisiienko@knu.ua ___________ REFERENCES Chaplia, V. (1930). Sonnet in Ukrainian poetry. Historical and theoretical essay. To the sociology of the poem. DVU [in Ukrainian]. Cherednychenko, I (1962). Essays on general stylistics of the modern Ukrainian language. Radianska shkola [in Ukrainian]. Chyzhevskyi, D. (2003). Ukrainian literary baroque. Akta [in Ukrainian]. Dudyk, P. (2005). Stylistics of the Ukrainian language. Akademiia [in Ukrainian]. Gadamer, H. G. (1991). The relevance of beauty. Iskusstvo [in Russian]. Gasparov,M. (1984). Essay on the history of Russian verse. Nauka [in Russian]. Grossman, L. (1925). Poetics of the sonnet. Problems of poetics (pp. 117–140) [in Russian]. Yakubinskiy, L. (1986). Where do poems come from? In L. P. Yakubinskiy, Selected works. Language and its functioning (pp. 194–196). Nauka [in Russian]. Kachurovskyi, I. (1967). Strophe. Instytut Literatury im. M. Oresta [in Ukrainian]. Kachurovskyi, I. (1994). Phonics. Lybid [in Ukrainian]. Kachurovskyi, I. (1984). Phonics. Ukrainskyi Vilnyi Universytet [in Ukrainian]. Lomonosov, M. (1952). Letter on the rules of Russian poetry. In M.V. Lomonosov, Full composition of writings, vol. 7 (pp. 7‒22). Izd-vo AN SSSR [in Russian]. Moisiienko,A. (2018). “Herbsttag” by Rainer-Maria Rilke in Ukrainian translations. In А. Moisiienko, The text as an artistic given. Problems of poetic language (pp. 181‒193). Vyd-vo Ivanchenka I. S. [in Ukrainian]. Moisiienko,A. (2016). A folk riddle in the text-discursive dimension. Vyd. dim Dm. Buraho [in Ukrainian]. Movchun,L. (2020). Ukrainian rhyme in the language system and in language practice. Instytut ukrainskoi movy NANU [in Ukrainian]. Pavlychko,D. (2007). Literary studies. Criticism. Ukrainian literature, vol. 1. Osnovy [in Ukrainian]. Riznychenko, O. (2002). Dvostrunne hralo: Sonnets. Druk [in Ukrainian]. https://chtyvo.org.ua/authors/Riznykiv_Oleksa/Dvostrunne_hralo_zbirka Sirobaba,M. (2013). Genre-strophic modifications of the Ukrainian sonnet. Pidpryiemets Matorin B. I. [in Ukrainian]. Ushkalov, L. (2002). Preface. In H.Skovoroda, Garden of divine songs (pp. 7‒16). Maidan [in Ukrainian]. Vovk, P. (2008). Mizhmovna asymetriia movnoho znaka. Studia linguistica, 1, 20–24 [in Ukrainian]. Zvarych, V. (2013). Canonization of the sonnet as a genre in Ukrainian poetry: from the creative experience of neoclassical poets. Literary process: methodology, names, trends, 2, 12–15. Kyivskyi universytet imeni B. Hrinchenka [in Ukrainian].
text, sonnet, rhyme, phonics, internal rhyme, compound rhyme, exact rhyme, rich rhyme, homonymous rhyme, poetic language
Copyright (c) 2024 Анатолій МОЙСІЄНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological paradigmatics of proper and foreign names of footwear in modern Ukrainian language
Background. Since the beginning of the XXI century, Ukrainian linguistics has intensified the study of the morphological paradigm of nouns, taking into account several factors. The researchers focus not only on appellatives but also on propriatives of different classes and subclasses. The need for a comprehensive study of the declension system of footwear names is caused by the predominantly fragmentary representation in grammatical descriptions of the Ukrainian language of the morphological paradigm of these nouns and their often different grammatical characterization according to number category (nouns with grammatical singular and plural meaning / pluralia tantum nouns), as well as the emergence of new lexemes in the Ukrainian language that are not recorded in dictionaries, and their grammatical status, phonetic and graphic design, and word formation require unified regulation. Methods. The study of more than 150 footwear titles used general scientific and linguistic methods: solid sampling, comparison, structural and distributional analysis, systematization, descriptive, statistical, and prognostication. Results. The article identifies and describes 33 elementary paradigmatic classes of noun names of footwear taking into account relevant factors (full/incomplete case-number paradigm, belonging to a certain gender and gender variation, belonging to one of the cases or being outside them, belonging of nouns of the first and second declensions to hard, soft or mixed groups, identity of word-change affixes and their letter designation, morphonemic phenomena, including phoneme alternation and stress, case variant forms, phonetic and graphic variation, etc.). The nouns with homonymous forms are identified and the means of realizing their case-number semantics are elucidated. Elementary paradigmatic classes of footwear nouns, which have the status of pluralia tantum nouns and whose phonetic, graphic and grammatical development is ongoing, are proposed. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in the compilation of printed and electronic dictionaries, as well as in the unified representation of the morphological paradigm and phonetic and graphic design of noun names of footwear in current electronic dictionaries. Information about the author: Оlena Lavrinets – PhD (Philol.), Assoс. Prof., National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, (Ukraine). E-mail: lavrinets@ukma.edu.ua _____________ REFERENCES Akhmedova, Yu. (2021). Morphological paradigmatics of Ukrainian masculine names of the first declination of the soft group. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. Series Philology, 1(45), 38–44 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.24144/2663-6840.2021.1.(45).38-44 Berezovska, H. H. (2010). Dictionary of clothing and footwear names in the East Podolian dialects. Umanske komunalne vydavnycho-polihrafichne pidpryyemstvo [in Ukrainian]. Bilodid, I. K. (Ed.) (1969). Modern literary Ukrainian. Morphology. Naukova dumka [inUkrainian]. Boliukh, O. V. (1995). Paradigmatics of the noun. Linguistics, 4–5, 24–29 [in Ukrainian]. Chak, Ye. D. (1978). Difficult cases of grammar and spelling. Radianska shkola [in Ukrainian]. Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 4 vols (1997). B. Hrinchenko (Ed.). Reprint edition. It is printed according to the edition of 1909 year. Dovira – Ridna mova [in Ukrainian]. Horodenska, K. H. (2017). The main paradigms of zero declension nous. In Grammar of the Modern literary Ukrainian. Morphology (pp. 214–217). Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. Horodenska, K. (2019). The Ukrainian word in today’s dimensions. KMM [in Ukrainian]. Hrymashevych, H. I. (2002). Dictionary of clothing and footwear names of Central Polish and neighboring dialects. Pivnichnoukrayinskyi dialektolohichnyi tsentr Zhytomyrskoho derzhavnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka [in Ukrainian]. Kolibaba, L. (2018). Morphological forms of nouns in a context linguistic norm. Ukrainian language, 2(66), 50–66 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2018.02 Kolibaba, L., & Fursa, V. (2017). Dictionary of verb control. Lybid [in Ukrainian]. Kovtiukh, S. L. (2011). “Elementary paradigmatic class” as a new term of Ukrainian linguistics. Slavic collection, ХІV–ХV, 191–196. ORIDU NADU [in Ukrainian]. Kovtiukh,S. L. (2007). Morphological paradigmatics of personal female names in modern Ukrainian language. Scientific Bulletin of University of Chernivtsi. Series Slavic Philology, 356–359, 290−294. Ruta [in Ukrainian]. Kovtiukh, S. L. (2007). Tutor (how to learn to write correctly). Vydavnychyy dim “Profesional” [in Ukrainian]. Kovtiukh, S. L. (2019). System of factors for determining inflectional paradigms of nouns in modern Ukrainian literary language. In Grammatical space of modern linguo-Ukrainian studies (pp. 85–99). Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. Kovtiukh, S. L., & Kashtalian, O. M. (2012). Inflectional paradigm of Ukrainian surnames. POLIMED-Servis [inUkrainian]. Kuchmak, K. (2022). Elementary paradigmatic classes of hydronyms of the first declination of a mixed group in the Ukrainian language. Humanities science current issues, 52, том 2, 17–121 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/52-2-17 Lavrinets, O. Ya. (2024). Changes in the grammatical norms of the number in proper and foreign names of shoes. Ukrainian language, 1(89), 18–42 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2024.01.018 Leonova, M. V. (1983). Modern literary Morphology. Vyscha shkola [in Ukrainian]. Lozova, N. Ye. (2016). Grammatical guide. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Lozova, N. Ye., & Frydrak, V. B. (2015). Dzvona or dzvonu? or ‑а (‑я) or ‑у (‑ю) in the genitive case. Naukova dumka [inUkrainian]. Matviyas, I. H. (1974). Noun in the Ukrainian language. Radianska shkola [in Ukrainian]. Pliusch, M. Ya. (Ed.) (1994). Modern literary Ukrainian. Vyscha shkola [in Ukrainian]. Samiylenko, S. P. (1978). Noun. In History of the Ukrainian language. Morphology (pp. 16–128). Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Taranenko, O. O. (2003). Inflectional of Ukrainian language. Nyiregyhaza [in Ukrainian]. Ukrainian orthography. (2019). Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Vyhovanets, I. R. (1987). Case system of the Ukrainian language. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Vyhovanets, I. R., & Horodenska, K. H. (2017). Proper-noun type of declension. Division into terminations. In Grammar of the Modern literary Morphology (pp. 196–208). Vydavnychyy dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. Volokh, O. T., Chemerysov, M. T., & Chernov, Ye. I. (1989). Modern literary Ukrainian. Morphology. Syntax. Vyscha shkola [in Ukrainian]. Zahnitko, A. P. (2017). Noun number category. In Grammar of the Modern literary Ukrainian. Morphology (pp. 161–187). Vydavnychyy dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL ВЕСУМ – Rysin, А., & Starko, V. (2024). Large electronic dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Retrieved April 10, 2024 from https://vesum.nlp.net.ua/ [in Ukrainian]. ВЗОССУЛ – Busel, V. Т. (Ed.) (2008). Large consolidated orthographic dictionary of the modern Ukrainian vocabulary. VТF “Perun” [in Ukrainian]. ВТССУМ – Busel, V. Т. (Ed.) (2005). Large explanatory dictionary of the Modern Ukrainian language. VТF “Perun” [in Ukrainian]. ГРАК-16 – Shvedova, М., Fon Valdenfels, R., Yaryhin, S., Rysin, А., Starko, V., Nikolayenko, Т., & other. (2017–2024). General regionally annotated corpus of the Ukrainian language. Retrieved April 10, 2024 from http:// uacorpus.org/ [in Ukrainian]. ГСУЛМ – Grammatical dictionary of the Ukrainian literary language. Word change. (2011). Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. ЕГСУЛМ – Elektronic grammatical dictionary of the Ukrainian literary language. Word change. (2003–2024). Retrieved April 10, 2024 from http://www.mova.info/ grmasl.aspx [in Ukrainian]. ПУМК – Dictionary UA. Ukrainian language and culture portal. (2005–2024). Retrieved April 10, 2024 from https://slovnyk.ua/ [in Ukrainian]. СУМ – Bilodid, I.K. (Ed.) (1970–1980). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols. Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. СУМ-11Д – Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols. Additional volume: in 2 books. (2017). Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho [in Ukrainian]. СУМ-20 – Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 20 vols. (2010–). Naukova dumka. Retrieved April 10, 2024 from https://sum20ua.com/ [in Ukrainian]. СУМ-2016 – Zhaivoronok, V. V. (Ed.) (2016). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Vydavnychyi tsentr “Prosvita” [in Ukrainian]. УОС – Ukrainian orthographic dictionary. (2009). Dovira [in Ukrainian].
noun, footwear name, word change, elementary paradigmatic class, number category, gender category, morphonemic phenomena (alternation, emphasis)
Copyright (c) 2024 Олена ЛАВРІНЕЦЬ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Colloquial neologisms in the modern Ukrainian language
Background. The article is devoted to the analysis of new colloquial words that arose and function in the Ukrainian language of the 21st century. The Ukrainian language is currently characterized by significant dynamics at all its levels, and especially at the lexical-semantic level. Undoubtedly, extralingual and intralingual factors that are in constant interaction and complement each other contribute to this. A characteristic feature of the mentioned period is that colloquial neologisms became one of the important sources of replenishment of the lexical-semantic layer of the Ukrainian language. Their emergence was caused by democratization and liberalization in Ukrainian society during the analyzed period, which significantly affected the language, in particular, expanded the boundaries of its functioning. The material for this studio was primarily new colloquial words, passported from oral conversation, mass media and Internet discourses during the years 2000–2024, as well as partially older colloquialisms that were not recorded in Ukrainian normative lexicographic works. Methods. The article uses both general scientific methods – analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, as well as special linguistic methods – descriptive, observational, continuous sampling, comparative, and others. Results. The main sources of the origin of new colloquial words are identified and considered. The main sources of the named units is the actual live colloquial speech, in which neologisms always arise. Also, former social dialecticisms (jargonisms and argotisms), colloquial or colloquial borrowings, individual author’s novelties derived from popular colloquialism act as sources of replenishment of new lexemes. It has been proven that the most actively replenishing the new colloquial lexicon are such types of jargonisms as: military, sociolectisms from the field of informatics and computerization, from automotive jargon, from youth sociolects. The thematic groups of colloquial neologisms have been identified and analyzed. The largest of them are the names of persons. The dominance of this group is due to the powerful effect of the anthropocentric tendency in the Ukrainian language of the 21st century. It is worth emphasizing that it was during the analyzed period that the creation of various feminatives among the nomen to denote persons became extremely active (one can even call this phenomenon a “feminative boom”). It is proven that a significant part of them are new colloquial units. For the most part, they are the names of professions, a certain type of occupation, activity, social status, etc. and are formed with the help of productive suffixes -k(a), -in(ya), -its(ya), -es(a). A number of thematic groups were also identified: the military sphere, medicine and health care, units for marking realities and concepts in the field of education and science, household nominations, names of actions and processes, nominations of various signs and qualities. A considerable array of new colloquial non-codified words (more than 200 units) was introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusion. Colloquial neologisms significantly supplement the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language of the 21st century, especially enriching its emotional-expressive, figurative, characterizing means. It has been found that the main sources of colloquial neologisms are actual spoken speech, former social dialecticisms (jargonisms and argotisms), colloquial or colloquial borrowings, individual author’s words created for popular colloquialism. The main thematic groups of studied units are highlighted – names of persons, the military sphere, medicine and health care, units for marking realities and concepts in the field of education and science, everyday nominations, names of actions and processes, nominations of various signs and qualities. Information about the author: Oleksandr STYSHOV – DSc (Philol.), Prof., Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University (Ukraine). E-mail: o.styshov@kubg.edu.ua __________ REFERENCES Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 20 vols. (2010–). Naukova dumka. https://sum20ua.com/ [in Ukrainian]. Kyryliuk, O. L. (2023). Discourse of information war: linguistic-cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects [Abstract of the thesis of the Doctor of Philol. Drohobych Ivan Franko Pedagogical University [in Ukrainian]. Selivanova, O. (2006). Modern linguistics: a terminological encyclopedia. Dovkillia-K [in Ukrainian]. Taranenko, О. О. (2002). Colloquization, substandardization, and vulgarization as characteristic phenomena of the stylistics of the modern Ukrainian language (since the end of the 1980s). Movoznavstvo [Linguistics], 4–5, 33–39 [in Ukrainian]. Taranenko, О. О. (2005). The principle of androcentrism in the language coordinate system and the modern gender movement. Movoznavstvo [Linguistics], 1, 3–25 [in Ukrainian]. Zhaivoronok, V. V. (Ed.) (2012). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language. VTs “Prosvita” [in Ukrainian].
language, semantics, new colloquial words, neologism, source, thematic groups, trend, communication, discourse
Copyright (c) 2024 Олександр Стишов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nominations of the russian-ukrainian war in multi-style discourse
Background. The article identifies the nominations of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the texts of different styles; it analyzes the functional specifics of the concepts “war,” “armed aggression,” “full-scale invasion,” “conflict,” “ATO,” “JFO,” “Russian-Ukrainian war,” etc. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has been going on for more than a decade, and its full-scale period is more than three years, but Ukrainian speakers have not yet developed a suitable militonym. Both in scientific sources and in the mass media, there are still ongoing discussions about the appropriateness of the concepts “war,” “armed aggression,” “full-scale invasion,” “conflict,” etc. to mark this event. Methods. A complex of the following methods has been used to study the nominations of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war: an index of such names has created using the selection method; the linguistic stylistic method has made it possible to trace the peculiarities of the functioning of militonyms in texts of different styles; component analysis has enabled the identification of semantic components of these names; contextual and discursive analysis have allowed us to identify their pragmatics; thanks to the descriptive method the results of the research are highlighted. Results. It has been found that the concept “anti-terrorist operation” was used in Ukrainian legislation until February 24, 2022. The same concept was the main lexical marker of current military events in Ukraine in texts of various styles from 2014‒2018. After 2018, the concept “JFO” became fixed in the media discourse, and the abbreviation “ATO” continued to be mostly used in colloquial, journalistic, and artistic discourse. The factonym “armed aggression of the Russian Federation [against Ukraine]” has gradually entered the legal circulation, and later also the scientific and journalistic discourse. Despite the wide palette of names of modern military events, the lexeme “war” dominates the colloquial and artistic discourse. Conclusions. The same events, phenomena, processes can be called differently. And such nominations can be an informational weapon of Ukrainians in the war against the Russian aggressor, as well as a weapon of Russian propaganda. Undoubtedly, it is a matter of time to select and establish in the Ukrainian discourse the militonym for the designation of modern military actions. We will make an assumption that it will be multi-component, and in view of the conducted research, we will note that the lexeme “war” should be the key one in its structure, as it is the most used by modern speakers to mark the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from 2014 to the present day. Information about the author: Iuliia BRAILKO – PhD (Philol.), Assoс. Prof., Poltava Branch of National Scientific Center “Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute” (Ukraine) E-mail: brailko.iuliia@nncise.org.ua Nataliia KYSLA – PhD (Philol.), Leading Researcher, Poltava Branch of National Scientific Center “Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute” (Ukraine) E-mail: kysla.nataliia@nncise.org.ua __________ REFERENCES Conflict. https://sum20ua.com/?page=1386&searchWord=konflikt&wordid=43842 [in Ukrainian]. Horodenska, K. (2015). Atoshnyk or atovets? The Word Culture, 83, 127 [in Ukrainian]. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/112512/23-Horodenska.pdf?sequence=1 Melnyk, S. M., Nazarenko, O. M., & Sikorska, V. Yu. (2023). Linguistic representation of the “war” concept in modern Ukrainian media discourse. Philological education and science: transformation and modern development vectors (рр. 446–467). “Baltija Publishing” [in Ukrainian]. http://baltijapublishing.lv/omp/index.php/bp/catalog/download/297/8542/17835-1?inline=1 Pecherskyi, A. (2022). The way the language constructs the reality of war [in Ukrainian]. https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/08/26/yak-mova-konstruyuye-realnist-vijny/ Pylypenko, Ya. (2017). Demarction configures “military conflict”, “armed conflict” and “war”. National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, 1/2 (33/34), 143‒146 [in Ukrainian] . https://doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2017.1/2(33/34).152571 Tepla, O. (2023). The concept of “war” in the linguistic and cultural aspect (based on the material of publicistic discourse). International journal of philology, 14, 3, (рр. 92–100) [in Ukrainian]. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/philolog14(3).2023.010 Vilchynska, (2017). Concept “War”: Peculiarities of Lingual Instantiation in Newspape. Linguistic studies, 34, 110–114 [in Ukrainian].
militonym, war, armed aggression, full-scale invasion, conflict, ATO, JFO
Copyright (c) 2024 Юлія БРАЇЛКО, Наталія КИСЛА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1932–1933 in lingunarrative coverage
The book review: Batsevych F. Linguistic aspects of eyewitness accounts of the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932–1933 : Monograph. Lviv : Vyd. tsentr LNU im. Ivana Franka. 2022. 144 p. Information about the author: Anatolii Moisiienko – Dr Hab, Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: anmoj@ukr.net
Copyright (c) 2023 Anatolii Moisiienko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Languages of the Kyivan Rus’ as an object of information war and linguistic reconstruction
The article is devoted to the problem of the Kyivan Rus’ language situation (e.g., oral and literary languages) and the ideological struggle over this heritage. The oral epic and cultic languages were reconstructed for the first time. Not only now, but during several centuries brutal moscovite agressors attempt to took, to deform, to destroy all signs of Ukrainian identity: language, literature, folklore, history, church, other manifestations of culture. The Kyivan Rus’ is among many objects of linguistic, historical, and other falsifications. Intentionally, the russian language has no distinctions between “of Rus’” and “of russia”: both these terms have one designations – to underline the falsified “transition” from the Kyivan Rus’ (true Ukraine) to moscovia (politically renamed as “russia”, from the Byzantine name of Ukraine Rosia). The origin of the Ukrainian language is a key problem of Ukrainian linguistics, but it is also a historical, political, and defensive question. However, only several Ukrainian linguists focuse their attention on this important and difficult interdisciplinary problem. One aspects of it is prehistory and history of the Ukrainian poetic (especially epic) language, partially reflected in the medieval chronicles and the Tale of Ihor’s Campaign. The proposed model of the linguistic situation in the Kyivan Rus’ is a close contact between the Ukrainian version of the Church Slavonic language (only literary initially) and the native Ukrainian epic language (folklore, interdialectal, only oral initially). Also, the linguistic reconstructions of rhymed epic poetry in the chronicles are proposed. The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign is reconstructed as a series of related songs. Every song has common rhyme (monorhyme), whereas many lines of the poem in general represent holorhyme (pantorhyme), known in contemporary European (e.g., German) poetry. Therefore, the language(s) of the Kyivan Rus’ reflect(s) very high level of development, manifested by the rhymed epic languafe of the folklore origin. Now the history and pre-history of the Ukrainian language need a re-interpretation to defend from the moscovite falsifications, spread in the information space. Information about the author: Svitlana Shevchuk – PhD, Prof., Mykhailo Drahomanov Ukrainian State University (Ukraine). E-mail: s.v.shevchuk@npu.edu.ua Iurii Mosenkis – Dr Hab, Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; honorary member of the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine (Ukraine). E-mail: guasileus@gmail.com __________ REFERENCES Moisiienko, V. M (2006). Fonetychna systema ukrainskykh poliskykh hovoriv u XVI–XVII st. Zhytomyr : Vyd-vo Zhytom. derzh. un-tu im. I. Franka (in Ukrainian). Smal-Stotskyi, S. Y. (1996). Ukrainska tserkovnoslovianshchyna. Istoriia ukrainskoi movy : Khrestomatiia / upor. S. Ya. Yermolenko, A. K. Moisiienko. Kyiv : Lybid, pp. 116–119 (in Ukrainian). Tkachenko,O. B. (2014). Ukrainska mova: sohodennia y istorychna perspektyva. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian). Khaburgayev, G. A. (1979). Etnonimiya “Povesti vremennykh let” v svyazi s zadachami rekonstruktsii vostochnoslavyanskogo glottogeneza. Moskva : Izd-vo MGU (in Russian). Tsaruk, O. V. (1998). Ukrainska mova sered inshykh slovianskykh: Etnolohichni ta hramatychni parametry. Dnipropetrovsk : Nauka i osvita (in Ukrainian). Shevelov, Yu. V. (2002). Istorychna fonolohiia ukrainskoi movy / рer. z anhl. Kharkiv : Akta (in Ukrainian).
Kyivan Rus’, epic language, oral tradition, literary language, reconstruction of poetry
Copyright (c) 2023 Svitlana Shevchuk, Iurii Mosenkis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Let’s not deny our own: linguistic essays on the history of word usage
The complex historical fate of the Ukrainian language has primarily affected its vocabulary, which has undergone significant changes over the past two centuries. In the new Ukrainian literary language, which emerged on a folk basis thanks to the works of Ivan Kotliarevskyi and Taras Shevchenko, many words inherited from the old Ukrainian literary language were replaced by synonyms from the vernacular speech. As a result, modern Ukrainian speakers may not perceive archaic lexemes as Ukrainian, even though these words of Proto-Slavic origin were already attested in Old Slavonic language and actively used in the Old Ukrainian period (14th–18th centuries), continued to be used in the new Ukrainian literary language until the first quarter of the 20th century, and are still in use in Ukrainian dialects. The article demonstrates the “Ukrainian-ness” of archaic lexemes such as время, год, нельзя, and послідній. Based on lexicographic works of the 19th to the first quarter of the 20th century, including the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” by P. Biletskyi-Nosenko, the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” edited by B. Hrinchenko, the “Ukrainian-German Dictionary” by Y. Zhelekhivskyi and S. Nedilskyi, the “Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary” by M. Umanets and A. Spilka, and the “Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary” edited by A. Krymskyi and S. Yefremov, as well as texts by Ukrainian writers of the 18th–19th centuries, including Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ivan Kotliarevskyi, and Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Romantic poets, Taras Shevchenko, and collections of paroemias compiled and organized by M. Nomys and I. Franko, the history of the usage of these words throughout the centuries is traced. Based on dialectal dictionaries, it is shown that these archaic lexemes continue to be used in various Ukrainian dialects, including Boyko, Bukovynian, Hutsul, Central Dnieper, East Slobozhanskyi, and others. This is a trace of the past literary-written tradition, evidence of our language-historical memory, and not elements of the Russian language or surzhyk. Misunderstanding the nature of such lexical units can distort Ukrainians’ perception of their national identity. Information about the author: Lidiia Hnatiuk – Dr Hab, Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: lidahnatjuk@gmail.com __________ REFERENCES Hnatiuk, L. P. (2022). The linguistic phenomenon of Hryhorii Skovoroda as a manifestation of Ukrainian spiritual heritage. Hryhorii Skovoroda: “Spiritual figures of Ukraine” series. Lviv : “Logos”, рр. 21–32 (in Ukrainian). Hnatiuk, L. P. (2016). National identity and the culture of historical memory: the linguistic dimension. Mova i suspilstvo, 7, 139–145 (in Ukrainian).
history of the Ukrainian language, old Ukrainian literary language, new Ukrainian literary language, archaic lexemes, Ukrainian dialects, history of word usage
Copyright (c) 2023 Lidiia Hnatiuk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Capital and lowercase letters as ideologemes in Ukrainian discourse
The article presents the results of research on the expressive and stylistic load of graphemes in Ukrainian discourse from the end of the 19th century till today. Capital and lowercase letters are noticeably developing their expressive potential in modern Ukrainian discourse, becoming a significant means of text creation. At the same time, the issue of a capital letter going beyond the orthographic index of its own name (and the beginning of a sentence), transferring this function partly to a lowercase letter due to the ideological instructions of the speaker / speakers is on the fringes of scientific observations, while such use of these graphic signs was and is popular in the 20th–21st centuries. The purpose of our investigation is to trace the formation of the grapheme capital/lowercase letters as an ideologeme and to find out the productivity of this process at the current stage. During the research, it has been determined that capital and lowercase letters perform a crucial ideological function along with distinguishing names and appellatives. In general, Ukrainian spelling codes have been declaring a departure from the principle of “a capital letter is a proper name” for more than a century, giving these graphemes an expressive and evaluative meaning. The article traces the acquisition of a capital letter with the stylistic meaning of respectability, positive and evaluative connotations, and the reflection of this process in the spelling codes of the Ukrainian language. It has been also found that because of the intervention of the Soviet authorities in purely linguistic issues, expressions of contempt, insignificance, and pejorativeness, in general, were fixed in lowercase letters. The axiology of these graphemes is determined by extralinguistic factors, primarily the political situation and ideological guidelines of society, and is directly related to the evaluation of the referent of the corresponding lexical unit. The process of using capital/lowercase grapheme as an ideologeme is highly productive at the current stage of the development of the Ukrainian language. The powerful connotative potential of the lowercase letter became an indicator of the new linguistic thinking of Ukrainians and ideological resistance to Russian aggression. Despite the mass of “derogatory” spelling of proper names, one way or another connected with the Russian Federation, the issue of introducing a new spelling norm seems to be quite debatable. Information about the author: Yuliia Brailko – PhD, Associate Prof., leading researcher of the Poltava department of the National Scientific Center “Hon. prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute” (Ukraine). E-mail: santie@ukr.net __________ REFERENCES Bykovchenko, Yu., & Yarova, A. (2022). Variatyvnist pravopysnoi normy: onimy rosiia, putin. Cuchasnyi masovokomunikatsiinyi prostir: istoriia, realii, perspektyvy: Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference.., May 26–27, 2022 (pp.11–115), Sumy (in Ukrainian). Buchyn, O. (2018). Ideolohemy ta mifolohemy. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Ser. ‟Filosofsko-politolohichni studii”, 21, 14–20 (in Ukrainian). Zahnitko, A. P. (1999). Semantyka velykoi litery. Linguistic studios, 1, 150–153 (in Ukrainian). Zahnitko, A. P. (1997). Semantychna enerhetyka velykoi litery (na materiali poetychnoi estetyky I. Dracha). Funktsionalno-komunikatyvni vyiavy hramatychnykh odynyts. Kyiv, pp. 159–166 (in Ukrainian). Nimchuk, V. V. & Puriaieva, N. V. (eds.) (2004). Istoriia ukrainskoho pravopysu XVI–XX stolittia. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian). Karpenko, Yu. O. (1969). Velyka litera i vlasni nazvy. Ukrainska mova i literatura v shkoli, 11, 22–28. URL : http://karpenko.in.ua/?attachment_id=1838 (date of access: 16.03.2023) (in Ukrainian). Kovaliv, P. K. (1977). Ukrainskyi pravopys = Ukrainian Orthography. New-York (in Ukrainian). Korolova, V. V. (2013). Suchasna poetychna hrafika. Doslidzhennia z leksykolohii i hramatyky ukrainskoi movy, 13, 129–136 (in Ukrainian). Lektsiia prof. Ye. Karpilovskoi “Ukrainska mova u vyri suspilnykh podii kin. ХХ – poch. ХХI st.”. 18.05.2022. URL : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=686bziSGHmc (date of access: 29.03.2023) (in Ukrainian). Murashko, V. I. (2000). Ukrainskyi pravopys (prahmatychnyi aspekt). Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA, 18. Filolohichni nauky, 4–6 (in Ukrainian). Ohiienko, I. (1921). Ukrainska hramatyka. Pt. 1. Osnovy vkrainskoho pravopysu. Viden : Vydavnyche Tovarystvo “Vernyhora” (in Ukrainian). Pliushch, M. Ya. (2004). Velyka litera. Ukrainska mova : enktsyklopediia, V. M. Rusanivskyi, O. O. Taranenko, M. P. Ziabliuk (eds.). Kyiv, p. 65 (in Ukrainian). Puriaieva, N. (2001). Slovnyk tserkovno-obriadovoi terminolohii. Lviv : Svichado (in Ukrainian). Rudnytskyi, Ya. (1949). Ukrainskyi pravopys. Vinnipeh : Komitet Ukraintsiv Kanady (in Ukrainian). Kyrychenko, I. (ed.). (1945). Ukrainskyi pravopys. Kyiv : Ukrainske derzhavne vydavnytstvo (in Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi pravopys (1960). Kyiv : Vydavnytstvo Akademii nauk Ukrainskoi RSR (in Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi pravopys (1990). Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian). Ukrainskyi pravopys (2019). Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian). Fedyk, O. (1998). Dukhovni nominatsii ta yikh pravopys. Suchasna ukrainska bohoslovska terminolohiia: vid istorychnykh tradytsii do novykh kontseptsii : Proceedings of the Ukrainian scientific conference, May 13–15, 1998 (рр. 287–292), Lviv (in Ukrainian). Tsyperdiuk, O. D. (2021). Kodyfikatsiia relihiinoi leksyky v novii redaktsii “Ukrainskoho pravopysu” (2019). Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu, Ser.: Filolohiia, 52, 2, 15–19 (in Ukrainian). Chemerkin, S. (2011). Internet, velyka litera, etc. Kultura slova, 75, 123–128 (in Ukrainian). Chepurko, K. O. (2013). Porushennia pravyl uzhyvannia velykoi / maloi liter u suchasnykh ukrainskykh drukovanykh ZMI. Kultura narodov Prychernomoria, 258, 184–187 (in Ukrainian). Sherekh, Yu. (1946). Holovni pravyla ukrainskoho pravopysu. Baltymor : Prometei (in Ukrainian).
grapheme, capital letter, lowercase letter, ideologeme, onym, appellative, orthography, discourse
Copyright (c) 2023 Yuliia Brailko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Manipulative messages in the headlines of media sources
In this article, the author analyzes headlines on digital platforms of media sources, paying special attention to the manipulative content of the delivered messages. The research is based on the material of three websites, the authors of which manipulate the emotions of the recipients while providing information – “Tarasova Pravda“, “Naspravdi.Today”, and “Politeka”. The basic aspects of suggestive influence and manipulation of information during the speech act are defined and explained. In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, understanding the linguistic mechanisms of manipulation and suggestion in written texts is becoming increasingly crucial. This study not only sheds light on the deceptive methods employed in the headlines of Ukrainian-language online media resources but also highlights the importance of fostering media literacy among consumers. By enhancing awareness of manipulative tactics and promoting critical thinking skills, individuals will be better equipped to discern fact from fiction, ultimately contributing to a more well-informed society. The advancement and proliferation of cutting-edge information and communication technologies have led to an escalation in dissemination of manipulative texts. It can be posited that suggestion operates as a crucial instrument of verbal manipulation in written materials. Consequently, our investigation primarily focuses on examining manipulative texts (specifically, headlines within the context of this article) concerning their suggestive component. The research vectors for this issue encompass the linguistic analysis of manipulative texts for categorization purposes, recognition of suggestion components, exploration of linguistic methods employed for disinformation, and countermeasures against verbal manipulation. The objective of this article is to scrutinize the headlines of news articles featured on Ukrainian-language online media resources (based on materials from three websites: “Tarasova Pravda”, “Naspravdi.Today”, and “Politeka”), as well as to detect, classify, and interpret linguistic techniques of manipulation and suggestion used in messages, excluding the proportion of manipulative content. The conducted linguistic analysis based on the 100 headlines gives reason to claim that 66.67 % of the article headlines in the three news web portals we have investigated contain messages aimed at manipulating emotions – “Tarasova Pravda” (33.33 %), “Naspravdi.Today” (76.67 %), and “Politeka” (90 %). Information about the author: Taras Holota – PhD Student of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: targolus@gmail.com __________ REFERENCES Bondarenko,A. et al. (2018). We have bad news. Texty.org.ua, Nov 28, 2018. URL : https://texty.org.ua/d/2018/mnews/ (in Ukrainian). Dmytruk, O. V. (2002). Manipulative techniques in modern mass media. Movni i kontseptualni kartyny svitu, 7, 143–150 (in Ukrainian). Ilnytska,L. L. (2006). English suggestive discourse. Extended abstract of PhD thesis. Kharkiv, 2006, 20 p. (in Ukrainian). Ilnytska, L. L. (2010). Peculiarities of the use of suggestive and manipulative technologies in modern English-language political discourse. Linhvistyka ХХІst.: novi doslidzhennia i perspektyvy, pp. 115–125 (in Ukrainian). Karpenko,V. (2005) Information space as a factor of national security. Ukrainoznavstvo, 3, 182–192 (in Ukrainian). Ozhevan,M. A. (2001). Manipulative strategies. Pidpryiemnytstvo v Ukraini, 9, 26–27 (in Ukrainian). Pocheptsov,H. (2015). Modern information wars. Kyiv : Vydavnychyi dim “Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia”, 498 p. (in Ukrainian). Rozhkova,I. H. (2013). Interpretation of suggestion as a linguistic phenomenon. Aktualni problemy nauky ta osvity. Mariupol : Mariupolskyi derzh. un-t, pp. 138–140 (in Ukrainian). Saprykin,O. (2013). Information expansion, information war and information attack in mass media. Visnyk Knyzhkovoi palaty, 1, 40–43 (in Ukrainian). Tsukanova,O. V. (2014). Information wars: Impact on society. Kyiv, pp. 1–6. URL : https://www.sworld.com.ua/konfer34/800.pdf (in Ukrainian). VanDijk, T. А (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse & Society, 17(3), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250 (in English). Rhodes, S. C. (2021). Filter bubbles, Echo Chambers, and fake news: How social media conditions individuals to be less critical of political misinformation. Political Communication, 39(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2021.1910887 (in English).
manipulative text, manipulative headline, manipulative message, manipulation of emotions, suggestion and its techniques, disinformation in the media
Copyright (c) 2023 Taras Holota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paramias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and the like”)
Background. In today’s dynamic world, Ukrainians, like other peoples, are trying to preserve their national identity. Studying the peculiarities of the linguistic world of our ancestors becomes a primary task in modern linguistics, because language is a kind of mediator that ensures continuous communication between different generations. For many of us, it is important to feel the persistence of language and cultural traditions. The paremic subsystem of the Ukrainian language is the most interesting and the most eloquent. The study of paremias not only makes it possible to delve into the depths of the ages and trace the purely lexical or grammatical features of the language at a certain synchronous section, but also to try to reproduce important fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of our ancestors, which will help to understand their way of thinking. The purpose of this study is to find out the peculiarities of the organization of the onymic space of comparative paremias, attested in the collection of M. Nomys “Ukrainian proverbs, sayings, and the like” (1864), to determine the role of precedent onyms, which are important components of comparative proverbs and sayings, in the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century. Methods. The comparative and qualitative methods were applied. Results. During the study, the structure of the onymic space was characterized, its components – onymic fields (anthroponymic, toponymic, as well as ethnonymic) were distinguished and analyzed. It was found that the anthroponymic field is quite informative and bright, which most often includes units with such anthroponyms and their derivatives: Настя, Сидір, Хведько, Семен, etc. In addition, comparative paremias with precedent onyms (Гоне, як вітрів батько; Побілів, як Пилат) are considered and characterized. The onymic components of these units have a wide cultural and historical context, and are also powerful linguistic and ethnocultural codes of the Ukrainian people. The field of toponyms is valuable for the study of socio-historical realities. Proverbs and sayings often include the following toponyms and their derivatives: Очаків, Переяслав, Поділля, Полісся, etc. It is not surprising that the ethnonymic field is the largest. The collection of M. Nomys contains proverbs and sayings, which include the following ethnonyms: жид, циган, москаль, русин, швед, татарин, etc. The conducted study of the onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paremias made it possible to characterize the system of views and value orientations of our ancestors, to reconstruct the fragments of the linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century, which are partly lost today. Information about the author: Maksym Bondarenko – PhD Student of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: bondarenko.maxim97@gmail.com __________ REFERENCES Bondarenko,M. O. (2023). Semantics and linguocultural potential of comparative paremias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and so on”). Ukrajinsjka mova, 1(85), 114–124 (in Ukrainian). Verbych,S. O. (2014). The transformation of Ukrainian onimn space: intra- and extralingual factors. Movoznavstvo, 2, 15–23 (in Ukrainian). Zhaivoronok,V. (2006). Signs of the Ukrainian Ethnoculture : Dictionary-Reference Book. Kyiv : Dovira, 703 (in Ukrainian). Karpenko, Yu. O. (2004). Ethnonym. Ukrayinska mova: Encyklopediya, V. M. Rusanivskyj, O. O. Taranenko (eds.). Kyiv: Vyd-vo “Ukrayinska encyklopediya” im. M. P. Bazhana, р. 179 (in Ukrainian). Kolesnyk,N. (2013). Onym space and onym field as categories of structuring of object of study in folklore onomastics. Ukrajinsjka mova, 4, 124–134 (in Ukrainian). Kostomarov, N. (1872). The Historical Significance of South Russian Folk-Song Creativity. Beseda, 4, 5–68. URL: https://libr.msu.by/bitstream/ 123456789/4824/1/3729m.pdf ((date of access: 26.01.2023) (in Russian). Kuz,H. (2020). Biblical phraseology with anthroponymic components (Ukrainian-Slovak parallels). Olomouc : Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 10, 81–85 (in Ukrainian). Neklesova,V. Y. (2014). Onomastic landscape of the Ukrainian internet in 2008. Zapysky z onomastyky, 17, 200–204 (in Ukrainian). Skolozdra-Shepitko,O. (2014). Literary ethnonymy in the Ivan Franko’s small prosaic works. Naukovi zapysky Ternopiljsjkogho nacionaljnogho pedaghoghichnogho universytetu imeni Volodymyra Ghnatjuka. Seriya : Movoznavstvo, 2, 248–254 (in Ukrainian). Stryzhak,O. S. (1988). Ethnonymy of Herodotus Scythia: monograph. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 219 (in Ukrainian). Torchynskyi,M. (2014). Onymic system and criteria of its analysis. Naukovi zapysky Ternopiljsjkogho nacionaljnogho pedaghoghichnogho universytetu imeni Volodymyra Ghnatjuka. Ser. : Movoznavstvo, ІІ(24), 284–289 (in Ukrainian).
comparative paremias, onymic space, onymic field, anthroponym, toponym, ethnonym, precedent onym
Copyright (c) 2023 Maksym Bondarenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The European imprint in the linguistic picture of the world of an educated Ukrainian of the eighteenth century (based on private Cossack diaries)
Background. In the context of the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine, when its relations with European countries are strengthening as Ukrainians are defending not only themselves but the whole of Europe, it is important to examine the history of Ukrainian-European relations at the linguistic level. It is known that Ukrainian students studied at European universities already in XV–XVI centuries, mainly in Germany. Moreover, some embarked on a long educational journey through Europe, including studies in France and Italy. Later, in XVII–XVIII centuries, a significant role in the educational system played Kyiv (now Kyiv-Mohyla) Academy, the all-Ukrainian center of education, science, and culture of that period, from where the students went to Europe to deepen their knowledge. Following the best European educational practices, Kyiv Academy contributed to the rapid adaptation of Ukrainian students to the international environment in Europe. Amongst these students, were descendants from the families of the Ukrainian nobility and Cossack officers, including the Markovych and Khanenko families, whose diaries are the subject of research in this article. Aims and approach. Cossack diaries were the subject of in-depth historical & linguistic research, including educational background, intellectual interests, and individual style of writing of Yakiv Markovych, Mykola Khanenko, and Petro Apostol – the authors of the analyzed documents. However, so far, the lexical units related to Europe have not been the object of a separate study in the above-mentioned texts, which determines the scientific novelty of our research. Methodology. To fulfill the tasks, set out in the article, we used the method of analyzing the semantic space of the concept, which involves grouping the studied vocabulary according to the ideographic principle, which, in turn, makes it possible to reconstruct the linguistic picture of the world. The peculiarities of the functioning of adjectival-substantive phrases in the texts of the diaries were analyzed from the perspective of combinatorial linguistics. Results and findings. Cossack diaries are a valuable source of conceptual knowledge about Europe from the perspective of 18th-century Ukrainians. The authors of the diaries, the most educated people of their time, were quite rich both materially and spiritually. Accordingly, they studied foreign languages (Latin, French, German, Italian, Polish), read and translated from them, provided education for their descendants; were interested in the latest in European literature, science, and philosophical thought; exchanged books and communicated about what they had read; followed the cultural life of Europe, attending new performances by European authors. In everyday life, they paid tribute to fashion by buying fabrics for clothing from European countries, and as representatives of the Cossack elite, they had access to physical pleasures (drinks, tobacco) of European origin. As memoirists, they were particularly interested in history: they were aware of Europe’s social and political life by subscribing to European newspapers; at the same time, they were participants and witnesses of important historical events. Based on the analyzed diaries, a variety of lexical items, primarily adjectival and substantive phrases, have been identified to refer to items of European spiritual/material culture, phenomena, and persons related to Europe. Accordingly, the semantic fields “Spiritual Culture” and “Material Culture” were built in the semantic space of the concept of Europe. Conclusion. Europe left a noticeable impact on the linguistic picture of the world of educated Ukrainians of the eighteenth century, which is a natural result of the historical continuity of Ukrainian-European relations in the cultural, educational, scientific, art, and international trade fields. Information about the author: Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash – PhD Student of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: bohomolets.barash@knu.ua __________ REFERENCES Bachynska, O. A. (2020). Uiavlennia Yevropy pro viiskovo-politychnu sytuatsiiu v Ukraini 1708–1709 rr. cherez novyny frankomovnoho vydannia “Amsterdam”. Academia. Terra Historiae. Studii na poshanu Valeriia Smoliia, вook 2, 363–372 (inUkrainian). Bohomolets-Barash, O. M. (2021). Peculiarities of verbalization of the concept EUROPE in Hryhorii Skovoroda’s language model of the world. Studia Linguistica, 18, 37–56. https://doi.org/10.17721/StudLing2021.18.39-54 (inUkrainian). Bohomolets-Barash, O. M. (2022). Representation of the concept of EUROPE in Ukrainian language of the XVI–XVII centuries. Ukrainske movoznavstvo, 1(52), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.17721/um/52(2022).44-78 (inUkrainian). Voitiv, H. V. (1995). Nazvy odiahu v pamiatkakh ukrainskoi movy XIV–XVIII st. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis (Linguistics). Lviv. (inUkrainian). Hnatiuk, L. P. (2010). The Linguistic Phenomenon of Gregory Skovoroda in the Context of the Old Ukrainian Book Tradition. Kyiv : VPTs “Kyivskyi universytet” (inUkrainian). Horobets, V. Y. (1972). Diariushi – vyznachni pamiatky ukrainskoi pysemnosti XVIII st. Istorychni dzherela ta yikh vykorystannia, vol. 7. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (inUkrainian). 7.Horobets, Y. (1979). Leksyka istorychno-memuarnoi prozy pershoi polovyny XVIII st. Kyiv : Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian). Hrytsenko, S. P. (2017). Dynamika leksykonu ukrainskoi movy XVI–XVII st. Kyiv : KMM (inUkrainian). Dziuba, O. (2003). Ukraintsi v yevropeiskykh mistakh: adaptatsiia do zhyttia v novykh sotsiumakh (XVIII st.). Sotsium, 3, 55–63. http://resource.history.org.ua/publ/socium_2003_3_55 (date of access: 09.02.2023) (inUkrainian). Dziuba,O. (2015). “Ukraina” i “Malorosiia”: slova i poniattia v ukrainskii memuarnii literaturi XVIII st. Ukraina v Tsentralno-Skhidnii Yevropi, 15, 42–52. https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Dziuba_Olena/Ukraina_i_Malorosiia_slova_i_poniattia_v_ukrainskii_memuarnii_literaturi_XVIII_st.pdf? (date of access: 09.02.2023) (in Ukrainian). Dziuba, O. M. (2016). Vykhovantsi Kyievo-Mohylianskoi akademii: ukrainski memuarysty Ya. Markovych ta M. Khanenko (persha polovyna XVIII st.). Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 3, 64. http://resource.history.org.ua/publ/UIJ_2016_3_6 (date of access: 09.02.2023) (inUkrainian). Dziuba, O. (2017). Dozvillia v povsiakdennomu zhytti kozatskoi starshyny (na materialakh memuarnoi literatury pershoi polovyny XVIII st.). Sotsium. Almanakh sotsialnoi istorii, 13–14, 308–326. http://resource.history.org.ua/publ/sash_2017_13-14_17 (date of access: 09.02.2023) (inUkrainian). Dziuba,O. M. (2018). Memuarysty Hetmanshchyny XVIII st.: intelektualni interesy ta dukhovni zapyty. Istoriia Ukrainskoi derzhavy. Hetmanat rannomodernoi doby. Kyiv, pp. 591–611 (in Ukrainian). Dziuba, O. (2020). Ukrainska memuarna literatura XVIII st: osoblyvosti indyvidualnoho styliu. Liudyna, suspilstvo, vlada v davnii ta rannomodernii Ukraini: konteksty istorychnoi prezentatsii. Kyiv : In-t istorii Ukrainy, pp. 383–409. https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Dziuba_Olena/Ukrainska_memuarna_literatura_XVIII_st_osoblyvosti_indyvidualnoho_styliu.pdf? (date of access: 09.02.2023) (inUkrainian). Dydyk-Meush, H. (2018). Kombinatoryka v ukrainskii movi XVI–XVIII stolit: teoriia, praktyka, slovnyk. Lviv, 2018 (inUkrainian). Diachuk, V. (2022). Semantychnyi prostir kontseptu yak dzherelo interpretatsii yoho zmistu. Visnyk Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. Literaturoznavstvo. Movoznavstvo. Folklorystyka, 1(31), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2022.31.03 (inUkrainian). Nichyk,V. M. (2001). Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia i nimetska kultura. Kyiv : Ukr. Tsentr dukhovnoi kultury (in Ukrainian). Potulnytskyi, V. (2001). The Intellectual Influences Yaremenko Maksym of the West on the Spiritual Life of Ukrainian Elite in the Seventeenth – Eighteenth Centuries) Kyivska starovyna. 2001a, 1, 3–10; 2001b, 5, 3–10 (inUkrainian). Khyzhniak, Z. I. & Mankivskyi, V. K. (2003). Istoriia Kyievo-Mohylianskoi akademii. Kyiv : Vyd. dim “KM Akademiia” (inUkrainian). Shevchuk, V. (2015). Pro mali ukrainski diiariushi yak istoryko literaturni pamiatky. Mali ukrainski diiarii XVII–XVIII st. Kyiv : TOV «Vydavnytstvo “Klio”», pp. 7–50 (inUkrainian). Yakovenko, N. (2006). Narys istorii serednovichnoi ta rannomodernoi Ukrainy. Kyiv : Krytyka (inUkrainian). Yaremenko, M. (2012). Nasolody osvichenykh v Ukraini XVIII stolittia (pro kulturu vzhyvannia tserkovnoiu elitoiu chaiu, kavy ta vyna). Kyivska Akademiia, 10, 117–185 (inUkrainian).
concept, EUROPE, linguistic picture of the world, Cossack diaries, Baroque, Yakiv Markovych, Mykola Khanenko, Ukrainian language, adjective-substantive phrases
Copyright (c) 2023 Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/