Ukrainian linguistics
type: channel
description: Aims and scope The journal “Ukrainian Linguistics” is a scientific peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from leading experts and young researchers from around the world that advance the knowledge, theory or methodology of linguistics. The purpose of the journal is to develop and strengthen scientific contacts in the linguistic community, to promote the latest achievements and results of theoretical, empirical and applied research, covering a wide range of problems of general, comparative-historical and typological linguistics, theory and structure of language, dialectology, onomastics, codification of the language and stylistics, functional and communicative linguistics, communication theory and pragmatics, text linguistics and discourse theory, cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistics and linguoculturology, socio- and psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, and translation linguistics.
publisher: Кафедра української мови та прикладної лінгвістики Інституту філології Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка
language: en
publication name: Ukrainian linguistics
issn: 0320-3077
items: Emotive-evaluative potential of Ukrainian paralingual phraseological units: usage and individual manifestations
items: Initial pronunciation of “The tale of Ihor’s campaign”: methods of reconstruction
items: The interrelationship between the structure and dynamics of Anatolii Moisienko’s poetry (the role of the first and last lines of the text)
items: The communicative-pragmatic potential of discourse markers in the short stories of Hryhir Tiutiunnyk
items: Verbalisation of key concepts of CONSTITUTIONAL LAW in the text of the Constitution of the United States
items: Applied and theoretical aspects of speech research through the prism of linguistic expertise
items: Influence of the lingual environment of Bukovyna and Halychyna on the content and structural components of Ukrainian printed advertising at the end of the 19th – early 20th century
items: Texts that prepared aggression: Manipulative strategies of Ukraine's enemies
items: A discourse marker «АЖ» within the dynamic system of utterance and text
items: Laus Hispaniae: the evolution of nominating Spain in the Ukrainian language
items: Word-formation processes as a source of development of lexical and word-formation homonymy of the Ukrainian language
items: Lexicographic modeling of neosemantisms in Ukrainian language dictionaries of the first quarter of the 21st century
items: From word to number: linguistic and statistical “portrait” of the idiolect of Stepan Bandera
items: Indexing of the negative sentiment of the Ukrainian text by “TextAttributor 1.0”
items: Language means of manipulation in advertising on Ukrainian Telegram channels
items: Affectonyms in the linguistic worldview of ukrainians of the XXI century
items: Explicit ways of expressing comparativity in Ukrainian paremias of the 19th century
items: The colourful world of poetry by Anatolii Moisiienko
items: Structural and functional features of parceled constructions (based on the poems of Anatolii Moisiienko)
items: Rhyme as a structural component of the sonnet text
items: Morphological paradigmatics of proper and foreign names of footwear in modern Ukrainian language
items: Colloquial neologisms in the modern Ukrainian language
items: Nominations of the russian-ukrainian war in multi-style discourse
items: The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1932–1933 in lingunarrative coverage
items: Languages of the Kyivan Rus’ as an object of information war and linguistic reconstruction
items: Let’s not deny our own: linguistic essays on the history of word usage
items: Capital and lowercase letters as ideologemes in Ukrainian discourse
items: Manipulative messages in the headlines of media sources
items: Onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paramias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and the like”)
items: The European imprint in the linguistic picture of the world of an educated Ukrainian of the eighteenth century (based on private Cossack diaries)

Emotive-evaluative potential of Ukrainian paralingual phraseological units: usage and individual manifestations
type: item
description: Background. At the current stage of linguistic development, researchers’ attention is focused on the problems of verbalizing the human emotional world, identifying traditions of speech objectification of emotional-psychological states and reactions. Researchers are examining theoretical approaches to the description of the category of emotivity, vocabulary denoting emotions and feelings. The necessity of studying phraseological units as means of objectifying the human emotional sphere is conditioned by the fragmentary investigation of this problem. Simultaneously, phrasemes belong to distinctive verbalizers of human emotional-psychological states and reactions; they emphasize the ethnic nature and peculiarities of linguistic thinking via individual's emotional sphere. The relevance of the topic is associated with the importance of studying structural-semantic and expressive features of paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language used in M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse. Methods. The research employed the method of componential analysis, which is related to the description of structural and semantic features of emotive-evaluative paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language used in lexicographic works and M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse; the method of contextual analysis for identifying the expressive potential of usage and individually marked paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language functioning in the writer’s literary texts. Results. The composition of paralingual phraseological units of the Ukrainian language that objectify emotional, emotive-evaluative states of communicants has been identified. Paralingual phrasemes are represented in usage and M. Kotsiubynskyi’s literary discourse by two macrogroups (kinematic and phonational paralingual phraseological units). Within kinematic paralingual phraseological units, certain groups have been distinguished (mimic (indicating certain mouth configuration or lip po…
subject: LEXICOLOGY. PHRASEOLOGY. LEXICOGRAPHY
  topic: section
subject: paralingual phraseological units, kinematic phraseological units, phonational phraseological units, emotive-evaluative potential, emotions, feelings, literary discourse, character, M. Kotsiubynskyi
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadiia Boiko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Надія Бойко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 129
ending page: 152
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).129-152

Initial pronunciation of “The tale of Ihor’s campaign”: methods of reconstruction
type: item
description: Background. If “The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign” is an incorrect text, deformed by its re-singing (during its oral performance) and re-writing (including intentional corrections, in particular exclusion of pre-Christian concepts and motifs), then the text could be restored as more archaic (and more organized!) “proto-text” by removing later layers. Methods. The author (based on earlier particular methods, e. g. of Olexander Potebnia) uses his own complex “linguistic-poetic” reconstruction. It is a combination of the linguistic reconstruction of the XII-century Old Rus’-Ukrainian language and the renewal (basing on the consonances) of lexemes, phonetic and grammatic forms, set expressions (“poetic formulas”). Results. The previous attempts of the “Tale”’s linguistic reconstructions (from Mykhailo Maksymovych and Olexander Potebnia) are newly examined. As it was clarified, the consisted reconstruction of exclusively Old Rus’-Ukrainian “full-vowelized” forms (-oro-, -olo-, -ere-), as well as the pronunciation of “ъ” and “ь” as syllabic sounds in all cases (as some linguists proposed) totally destroyed the rhythm of this poetic text. It caused the hypothesis the rhythmic-stylistic variability of the aforementioned forms. Some examples of reconstructed “non-vocalic” pronunciations of some combinations with liquid consonants (like one-syllabic брзы). Some accents, different from the contemporary Ukrainian ones (but confirmed by ancient texts and “Tale”’s consonances), are also reconstructed (Игόрь, полόвци, бόяре). Rhythm and theoretical opinions caused the reconstruction of root-accents, different from the contemporary Ukrainian ones. The reconstructed “poetic formulas”, based on consonances, appear variable, as it is typical in folklore (въ древесе – въ лѣсѣ – подъ небеса; въ небесе – въ лѣсѣ – въ древесе). Discussion and conclusions. The poetic base of the reconstruction is epic octosyllable, well-known in Ukrainian folklore (e. g., the “Song about Dovbush”) and other folk…
subject: HISTORY OF LANGUAGE
  topic: section
subject: Old Ukrainian (Old Rus’, Kyivan Rus’) language, Old Church Slavonic language, “The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign”, poetic formulas
  topic: keywords
creator: Yurii Mosenkis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Юрій МОСЕНКІС https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 5
ending page: 35
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).5-35

The interrelationship between the structure and dynamics of Anatolii Moisienko’s poetry (the role of the first and last lines of the text)
type: item
description: Introduction. This article examines a pressing issue in contemporary linguistics: the dynamics of poetic text as a holistic system. Despite advances in textual studies, the question of comprehensive analysis of the dynamic components of poetry, especially in the works of contemporary authors, remains insufficiently explored. The aim of the study is to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the first and last lines of A. Moisienko's poetic works and to determine their role as key dynamic components. Understanding these mechanisms will allow for a deeper interpretation of the author's idiolect and the aesthetic impact of the poetic word. Methods. To achieve the set goal, a comprehensive approach was used, including a descriptive method for systematizing linguistic units, a continuous sampling method for selecting factual material, a linguo-stylistic analysis for interpreting artistic means, and a contextual analysis for studying their meaning in the overall structure of the text. The main material of the study is the poetry by A. Moisienko. Results. The study showed that the dynamics of A. Moisienko's poetic text is realized at all linguistic levels. At the phonetic level, sound repetitions (alliteration, assonance) create a rhythmic pattern and enhance the emotional coloring. At the lexical-semantic level, neologisms and morphemic features are key factors in dynamization, enriching content and form. Syntactic constructions and grammatical transformations effectively model the movement and change in the nature and inner state of the lyrical hero, as well as philosophical reflections. Punctuation marks play an important role in conveying intonation dynamics. Conclusions. The study confirms that the interconnection between the first and last lines in A. Moisienko's poetry is a conscious artistic technique that ensures the semantic and emotional development of the text. Compositional techniques (circular repetition, anaphora, and transformation) are the main to…
subject: LINGUOPOETICS
  topic: section
creator: Valentyna Filiniuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Валентина Філінюк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 207
ending page: 229
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).207-229

The communicative-pragmatic potential of discourse markers in the short stories of Hryhir Tiutiunnyk
type: item
description: Background. Modern linguistic research is focused on the communicative and pragmatic aspects of studying linguistic units. Scholars interpret a text not merely as a medium for conveying meaning but as a means of influence and a tool for realising the author’s intentions. This approach explains the increased attention of linguists to discourse markers – elements of discourse that, on the one hand, structure it by ensuring coherence and cohesion, and on the other hand, reflect the speaker's true communicative and pragmatic intentions. Methods. The present research employs general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, which were used to divide the literary discourse into constituent parts, to describe each of them, and to examine the analysed context as a whole. The method of discourse analysis was applied to identify the roles of the addressee and the addresser, as well as the circumstances of their interaction within the literary discourse. The method of linguistic description was used to characterise the communicative and pragmatic features of the analysed discourse units. Results. The analysis of discourse markers in the short stories of Hryhir Tiutiunnyk has revealed their significant role in shaping the communicative and pragmatic dimensions of literary texts. Discourse units can introduce evaluative commentary, draw the reader’s attention to the author’s internal or external description of a character, emphasise the character’s role in the compositional structure of the text. Discourse markers serve a significant function in presenting various supplementary descriptions related to the overall content of the texts. Conclusions. Research on Hryhorii Tiutiunnyk’s short prose reveals that discourse markers in the writer’s works are capable of introducing multifaceted additional information within the authorial voice (regarding the characterisation of a character, their actions and behavior, event descriptions, etc.). Significantly less frequent, in compariso…
subject: SYNTAXOLOGY. DISCOURSE THEORY
  topic: section
subject: Discourse, text, discourse marker, authorial voice, character voice
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Hrabova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Анна Грабова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 194
ending page: 206
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).194-206

Verbalisation of key concepts of CONSTITUTIONAL LAW in the text of the Constitution of the United States
type: item
description: Introduction. In the modern global information space, particularly its segment oriented toward Western cultural values, the United States is conceptualised as a model of long-standing democratic tradition in state-building and legal regulation of public life. The foundation of North American democracy is embedded in the text of the U.S. Constitution, which has remained virtually unchanged for nearly a quarter of a millennium. This text verbalises the key concepts that form the legal segment of the American linguistic worldview. Its significance for Ukraine is determined by the role of the United States as the country’s primary strategic partner. Methods. The study employs a linguo-conceptual approach, which involves the analysis of verbal markers representing the key concepts articulated in the text (in this case, those belonging to the legal segment of the worldview). Results. Based on textual verbal markers — at the levels of lexemes, collocations, sentences, and larger textual fragments — the study identifies and analyses the general principles of conceptualising the STATE in the U.S. Constitution, the specifics of conceptualising the type and structure of the STATE, the concept of the federal STATE as a key element of the American legal and political system, the conceptualisation of the POWER trichotomy as the legal foundation of balance in a democratic society, the conceptualisation of SECULARISM in law and legal syncretism, the UNDEMOCRATIC (NON-EGALITARIAN) legal concepts of the original text of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights (Amendments 1–10) as a verbalisation of the concept of HUMAN RIGHTS, and subsequent amendments as markers of the legal system’s evolution. Conclusions. Overall, the U.S. Constitution verbalises the macroconcepts of DEMOCRACY and FEDERALISM (with a dialectical balance between the rights of individual STATES and the federal GOVERNMENT). The text reflects key concepts underpinning the American state-legal order: the SECULAR nature of …
subject: CONCEPTOLOGY
  topic: section
subject: linguistic worldview, concept, verbalisation, conceptual synonyms, conceptual antonyms (oppositions), text of the U. S. Constitution
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksiy Tertychnyy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій Тертичний https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 230
ending page: 255
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).230-255

Applied and theoretical aspects of speech research through the prism of linguistic expertise
type: item
description: Background. The issue of updating the methodological approach to the forensic linguistics of speech (oral texts) is analyzed in the article. The potential for rethinking the problem is contained in the experimental and applied achievements of modern phonetic science. The author&apos;s experience of working with experts in forensic institutions allows us to draw the methodologists’; and lawyers’; attention to strengthening the professional training of experts, in particular, ways of adapting specialised phonetical knowledge to forensic tasks in the specialty “Linguistic Research of Speech” – 7.3. Methods. The paper uses the evaluation method of phonetic content in expert research, in line with the adaptation of specialised knowledge to particular issues of person identification. A comparison of object, subject matter, and material (data) is made in applied fields joined by a common need for phonetic knowledge. The phonetic grounds for deepening methodological approaches in phonoscopic examination are described. Results. The comparison highlighted the appropriate object and subject matter for the specialty 7.3. The author supplemented the specialised knowledge definition and presented examples of erroneous processing on linguistic issues by a novice expert, which were obtained from the observations in the analyzed specialty. The author proposed to develop a model of the correct use of requisite phonetic knowledge to determine the credibility weight of forensic findings. Discussion and conclusions. The publication concludes that phonetic knowledge has an indirect impact on the expert’s ability to adapt specialized phonetic knowledge to the expert tasks. The need for changing methodological approaches, forming a conceptual framework, and mastering instrumental speech analysis of acoustic parameters is shown. Information about the author Zoia Dudnyk – PhD (in Philology), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Philo…
subject: GENERAL AND APPLIED PHONETICS
  topic: section
subject: general and applied phonetics, forensic speech research, specialized knowledge of expert
  topic: keywords
creator: Zoia Dudnyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Дудник Зоя Василівна https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 294
ending page: 312
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).294-312

Influence of the lingual environment of Bukovyna and Halychyna on the content and structural components of Ukrainian printed advertising at the end of the 19th – early 20th century
type: item
description: Background. The concept of linguistic situation, traditionally studied in sociolinguistics, means the totality of all languages used in a country to facilitate communication at all societal levels. Over the past few decades, the problem of the linguistic environment and the simultaneous use of two or more languages in the same geographical space has been studied not only in sociolinguistics but also in urban linguistics, discourse studies and many other branches of the humanities, primarily in the context of the dialogue of cultures. The form of language functioning (or several languages) in a specific geographical space is defined as the linguistic landscape. The term "linguistic (semiotic) landscape" is synonymous with a number of other terms used by modern sociolinguists: linguistic market, linguistic mosaic, ecology of languages, diversity of languages, or linguistic situation, etc. The specific components of the linguistic landscape, as well as the cultural and historical prerequisites for its formation, require deeper investigation using documented linguistic sources from territories where active intercultural and interlingual contacts have been ongoing for a long time. Galicia and Bukovina at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries were undoubtedly such territories. An integral component of the urban linguistic landscape of that time, one of its graphic markers and identifiers, was Ukrainian advertising published in Galician and Bukovinian periodicals. The actuality of the study stems from the need to examine the historical, factual, socio-cultural, and linguistic aspects of the formation of the advertising style of the Ukrainian language, particularly in the context of the linguistic situation of Bukovina and Galicia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This will contribute to forming a holistic understanding of the general and specific features of Ukrainian advertising texts of this period and understanding of Ukrainian advertising as a linguistic an…
subject: HISTORY OF LANGUAGE
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: linguistic situation of Halychyna and Bukovyna at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, advertising in Ukrainian periodicals at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, intercultural communication in advertising, advertising texts as a component of linguistic landscape, spelling practices of the Ukrainian language as a component of linguistic landscape.
creator: Liudmyla Tkach
creator: Anna Zakutnia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Людмила Ткач, Анна Закутня https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 36
ending page: 77
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).36-77

Texts that prepared aggression: Manipulative strategies of Ukraine's enemies
type: item
description: Introduction. Over the past decades, the Ukrainian information space has been actively shaped by texts of political figures who employed linguistic tools of covert influence to transform public consciousness. Of particular importance are the publications of viktor medvedchuk, viktor yanukovych, and dmytro tabachnyk, written between 1999 and 2008, as they formed the ideological foundation for the development of anti-Ukrainian narratives later used during Russia's information aggression against Ukraine. Methods. The selected material includes four public texts: “Ukraine: Topical Issues of the Development of Society, State, and Law” (1999) by viktor medvedchuk, “… And a Year in Power” (2007) by viktor yanukovych, and “Ukraine in NATO or NATO in Ukraine” (2008) by dmytro tabachnyk. The study applies a linguocognitive analysis, discourse-pragmatic approach, and qualitative content analysis to identify typical strategies of linguistic manipulation. Results. The research reveals a systematic use of suggestive techniques, emotional framing, appeals to historical trauma, fear, and the construction of an external enemy. The texts feature metaphorization, dichotomies, overgeneralizations, rhetorical questions, appeals to authority, normative assertions, dysphemisms toward opponents, and the glorification of certain political alliances and concepts. The discourse aims to generate a sense of non-alternative interpretations, weaken critical thinking, and promote specific ideological directions. A typical strategy involves legitimizing views through expressions of objectivity and abstract designations. In several instances, the authors construct artificially framed realities that distort perceptions of socio-political processes. Conclusion. The analyzed publications demonstrate persistent patterns of informational influence, which, operating long before Russia's open aggression, served a preparatory function for the acceptance of hostile narratives. The findings confirm the necess…
subject: SUGGESTIVE LINGUISTICS
  topic: section
subject: linguistic manipulation in printed texts, language tools of manipulation, verbalization of fear
  topic: keywords
creator: Taras Holota
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Тарас Голота https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 256
ending page: 293
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).256-293

A discourse marker «АЖ» within the dynamic system of utterance and text
type: item
description: Background. The research of discourse units, which in recent decades has gained popularity in foreign and Ukrainian scholarly literature, is aimed at the functional, semantic, and pragmatic interpretation of such units within textual structures, particularly in literary texts. This is closely related to the issues of cohesion and coherence, as well as the architectonic characteristics of utterances and texts. Special attention is given to the dynamic aspect of analysing such discourse words and phrases that serve as a means of intensifying and enhancing the expressivisation of the literary structure of the texts. Methods. The following methods were used: descriptive, componential, and discourse analysis. These were applied for the general analysis and systematisation of the studied units, as well as for their semantic, contextual-pragmatic, and interpretative-evaluative characterisation. Results. On the basis of semantic-pragmatic descriptions of discourse units in the works of Ukrainian scholars, the role of the discourse marker АЖ has been analysed in structuring dynamic formations expressed across various syntactic segments. These formations are considered in connection with different forms of expression (lexico-grammatical, parallel, phraseologised, and others). They are found to be key contributors to the development of the dynamic and figurative system of a given literary structure. Conclusions. The discourse marker АЖ serves as an important element in maintaining the cohesion and coherence of textual structures, plays an indispensable role in the dynamisation of both individual utterances and the literary text as a whole. This discourse unit serves a distinct dynamic-actualising function: a) in the predicative-rhematic position of the utterance, particularly when combined with a verbal component, repeated verbs, or other parts of speech capable of intensifying a quality; b) when introducing truncated verb forms and adverbial predicates such as глядь, гульк, р…
subject: SYNTAXOLOGY. DISCOURSE THEORY
  topic: section
subject: Discourse marker, utterance, text (discourse), particle АЖ, dynamisation, expressivisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Anatolii Moisiienko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Анатолій Мойсієнко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 178
ending page: 193
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).178-193

Laus Hispaniae: the evolution of nominating Spain in the Ukrainian language
type: item
description: Introduction. In the modern Ukrainian language, some proper names have been borrowed, the spelling of which differs significantly from the original language. Country nominations adapted in a particular language are called exonyms and are opposed to the self-names of the corresponding countries – endonyms. Such names, for example, include Gruziia – Sakartvelo, Bombay – Mumbai, Pekin – Beijin, Lipsk – Leipzig, Shweitsaria – Shwaitsaria, Jeuropa – Europa, etc. Exotoponyms might have lexical, word-forming, and phonetic variations, depending on the source of borrowing and further transformations in the recipient language. Wide variability is also characteristic of the names of the Iberian Peninsula’s largest country, which have long appeared in historical chronicles and polemical treatises, and in the twentieth century. became the object of coverage of the world, including Ukrainian newspapers. Methods. A comparative method was used to identify the specifics of the transfer of toponyms to designate the Iberian Peninsula’s famous country in different European languages. To analyze the identified units in the Ukrainian language, a descriptive method was used, and contextual analysis made it possible to trace the correlation of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Results. Based on the analysis of the history of the south European country’s nominations, several variants of the exotoponym and its derivatives have been identified: 1) Yshpaniia (Ishspaniia), Ispaniia; 2) Hishpaniia (Hyshpaniia); 3) Espania. The longest history among these exonyms was the Polonism “Hishpaniia”, which dominated the Ukrainian literary language from the end of the XVI to the beginning of the XVII century. and until the start of the XX century, when, with the probable mediation of the Roman languages, the distribution and codification in the Ukrainian Orthography (Pravopys) of 1929 acquired the form “Espania” and its derivatives – the most accurate corresponding to the endonym “España”. The exo…
subject: HISTORY OF LANGUAGE
  topic: section
subject: history of the Ukrainian language, dynamics of the language norm, variability, proper names, borrowings, Ukrainian orthography
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 78
ending page: 106
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).78-106

Word-formation processes as a source of development of lexical and word-formation homonymy of the Ukrainian language
type: item
description: Background. The study of word-formation phenomena related to homonymy of different linguistic units is one of the most topical issues of modern linguistics. Despite the continuing attention of scholars to the problems of homonymy, many aspects of this linguistic phenomenon still remain unresolved. In particular, the emergence of lexical homonyms as a result of derivational processes has been described only in general terms, although word-formation mechanisms are among the most productive internal factors that lead to the emergence of homonymous lexical items. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to outline one aspect of the creation of potential lexical homonyms based on the word-formation models of deminitive suffixes. Particularly noteworthy are the cases of nouns with a figurative component of meaning, in which the affixes express the word-formation meaning of “similarity” and coincide in form with the suffixes of subjective evaluation, such as shrunken and caressing. Methods. The proposed study was carried out by means of the method of linguistic observation using the techniques of continuous sampling of lexical material from dictionary sources; component analysis of definitions of lexical units, structural and cognitive onomasiological methods. The method of comparison has revealed different lexicographic anchoring of the studied units: as sememes in the structure of polysemants or as homolexemes. Results. In the Ukrainian language, derived nouns with figurative content are often derived from substantive bases using the word-formation models of the deminitive formants -ик-, -к, -ок-, etc. The formation of associative and figurative representations of the nomination object is based on universal cognitive metaphorical models. Desemanticized deminitive suffixes express the word-formation meaning of “similarity”. Figurative noun derivatives formed on the model of deminitive suffixes from the same stem denote different, unrelated elements of reality, and therefor…
subject: LEXICOLOGY. PHRASEOLOGY. LEXICOGRAPHY
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: lexical homonymy, word-formation homonymy, figurative component of meaning, figurative derivatives, figurative motivational features, metaphorical model, deminitive models of word formation, lexicography
creator: Tetiana Hutsuliak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Тетяна Гуцуляк https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 107
ending page: 128
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).107-128

Lexicographic modeling of neosemantisms in Ukrainian language dictionaries of the first quarter of the 21st century
type: item
description: Background. Contemporary Ukrainian language demonstrates the active functioning of neosemantisms – words with familiar forms but new meanings. The relevance of the study stems from the need for comprehensive lexicographic treatment of such units. The purpose of the research is to outline the principles and methodology of modeling neosemantisms in dictionaries of the first quarter of the 21st century and to present the electronic Dictionary of Neosemantisms. Methods. To achieve this objective, general scientific methods of induction, deduction, analysis, and synthesis were applied, alongside linguistic methods such as descriptive, comparative, selective approaches, and the method of lexicographic modeling of lexico-semantic phenomena. Results. The study reviews techniques and methods of lexicographic processing of neosemantisms in different types of contemporary Ukrainian dictionaries: dictionaries of neologisms, general explanatory dictionaries, individual-author dictionaries, and dictionaries of creative personalities' language, illustrating the most significant examples. It describes the electronic Dictionary of Neosemantisms, developed on the Lexonomy platform because of synthesizing theoretical frameworks and practical achievements of Ukrainian lexicographers. The article characterizes the dictionary's register (730 entries) and macrostructure, which includes the description of its conceptual basis, principles of compilation, list of illustrative sources, and an inventory of grammatical, stylistic, domain-specific, and stylistic remarks. Special attention is given to the microstructure, which models the functional potential of neosemantisms – covering the zones of headword, grammatical information, labels, definitions, illustrations with sources, collocations, derivational units, paradigmatic relations, and references to previous dictionary records. Sample dictionary entries for neosemantisms of different parts of speech are presented. Conclusions. Lexicographic…
subject: LEXICOLOGY. PHRASEOLOGY. LEXICOGRAPHY
  topic: section
subject: neosemantism, lexicographic modeling, lexicographic description, macrostructure, microstructure, dictionary entry, dictionary, lexicography
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuliia Tsyhvintseva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Юлія Цигвінцева https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 153
ending page: 177
doi: 10.17721/um/55(2025).153-177

From word to number: linguistic and statistical “portrait” of the idiolect of Stepan Bandera
type: item
description: Background. The personality of S. Bandera has repeatedly been the subject of research by scholars in terms of non-linguistic categories. However, one of the most expressive aspects of the figure – the linguistic one – has not yet been the subject of systematic and in-depth study. Furthermore, the journalistic heritage of S. Bandera has not yet been subjected to a systematic linguistic and statistical analysis, which renders this study a valuable contribution to the field. The objective of this article is to provide a statistical parameterisation of the lexical and part-of-speech structure of S. Bandera’s texts, based on a textual sample of 10 journalistic articles (first editions). Methods: the method of retrospective editing of the text of reprints, statistical methods (calculation of statistical parameters, comparison of empirical data with the confidence interval of Ukrainian journalism, the method of statistical modelling), and the method of graphical presentation of statistical data. Results: 1) the articles from the 1978 edition were edited retrospectively and the textual material was digitised and categorised in a format suitable for automatic processing; 2) a corpus of all digitised first editions of articles was compiled; 3) the text of the articles – from the first edition and the 1978-edition – were compared; 4) frequency dictionaries in the Ukrainian Language Corpus were compiled based on the reconstructed texts; 5) a stylometric model of statistical research was formed, and several parameters of the statistical structure (lexical and part-of-speech) of S. Bandera’s text were calculated; 6) empirical values of linguistic and statistical parameters calculated manually were compared with confidence intervals of the media style and with the automatically calculated empirical data of the TextAttributor 1.0 web application. Conclusions. The study resulted in the creation of the inaugural lexicographic system of frequency dictionaries in Ukrainian computer lex…
subject: APPLIED LINGUISTICS
  topic: section
subject: Ukrainian language, idiolect, stylometric model, statistical parameter, corpus of texts, frequency dictionary
  topic: keywords
creator: Oksana ZUBAN
creator: Vladyslav KRYVENOK
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Оксана ЗУБАНЬ, Владислав КРИВЕНОК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 222
ending page: 254
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).222-254

Indexing of the negative sentiment of the Ukrainian text by “TextAttributor 1.0”
type: item
description: Background. In the twenty-first century, the information space is a full-fledged battlefield. In the Ukrainian information space, the problem of text toxicity and hate speech is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the interest of researchers in markers of negative textual tone, especially in media texts, is constantly growing. The article describes the structure and results of a separate module of the automatic system of statistical parameterization of Ukrainian-language texts “TextAttributor 1.0” – determination of the text toxicity index. The tasks are solved by two methods: the method of dictionaries and rules (calculation of statistical parameters) and the method of machine learning. The results of the study are based on the material of the corpus of online media texts of political discourse with a volume of 10 million word occurrences. To achieve this goal, a lexicographic database was created, including three dictionaries: Emotiogens, Hate Speech, and Toxic Compounds, and training and control samples of texts were formed to estimate the parameters of the selected model using machine learning. The project chose a computationally efficient architecture based on the fastText methodology and tools. The toxicity index is calculated by verbally identifying the negative sentiment of the text based on the linguistic and software-generated and is detected by the system-generated linguistic examination of the text, which displays a statistical map of semantic classes of negative vocabulary by classification markers of lexicographic lists, and the output of the neural network. Сonclusions.The “TextAttributor 1.0” system is at the stage of testing and improving its functionality, so the article describes an intermediate β-version of the system, but the results obtained in determining toxicity show that the developed methodology for quantifying verbal means by semantic parameters (negative emotionality) using dictionaries and rules and machine learning is effective…
subject: APPLIED LINGUISTICS
  topic: section
subject: Ukrainian-language media text, toxic text, hate speech, sentiment, negative sentiment, text toxicity index
  topic: keywords
creator: Nataliia DARCHUK
creator: Oksana ZUBAN
creator: Valentyna ROBEIKO
creator: Yuliia TSYHVINTSEVA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Наталія ДАРЧУК, Оксана ЗУБАНЬ, Валентина РОБЕЙКО, Юлія ЦИГВІНЦЕВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 204
ending page: 221
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).204-221

Language means of manipulation in advertising on Ukrainian Telegram channels
type: item
description: Background. With the increasing access to the internet among Ukrainians, mass media is transitioning from traditional methods of disseminating information to modern ones, such as social media channels and chatbots. This article investigates the linguistic tools of manipulation in advertisements on Ukrainian Telegram channels, focusing on “Times of Ukraine”, “Real Ukraine | Radar Alarm”, and “HK Kyiv”. Methods. The study encompasses over 950,000 word usages, including 1,200 advertising announcements, analyzed through linguistic research methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The research identified consistent use of directive style, emotionally charged lexicon, iconic signs (emojis), appeals to authority, omission of primary sources, hyperbolization, capitalization (writing in all caps), bold highlighting of certain phrases, implications of fear and urgency, calls to action, and persuasive tactics through quantification (in case of presenting statistical data) by the authors of the advertising texts. Emotionally charged language was a characteristic feature across the corpus. The authors frequently utilized affective lexicon that resonates with the audience's feelings, enhancing the persuasiveness of the messages. Furthermore, strategic appeals to authority through references to influential figures or institutions were identified as tactics to establish and/or strengthen trust in the information source. The analysis also revealed an overuse of the technique of omitting the primary source by the authors, which undermines the credibility of such messages. The study also demonstrated the use of hyperbolic expressions designed to create an enhanced sense of urgency and compel the reader to act in favor of the Telegram channel. Conclusion. The findings highlight the need to increase the level of media literacy among digital content consumers. The implications of these findings are manifold. Not only do they shed light on the rhetorical sophistication within social me…
subject: SUGGESTIVE LINGUISTICS
  topic: section
subject: language manipulation in advertising texts, language tools of emotion manipulation, verbalization of disinformation in the media
  topic: keywords
creator: Taras HOLOTA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Тарас ГОЛОТА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 177
ending page: 203
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).177-203

Affectonyms in the linguistic worldview of ukrainians of the XXI century
type: item
description: Background. Affectonyms are linguistic resources with inherent positive-evaluative coloring, expressed through various emotional lexemes across different language levels. These units in contemporary Ukrainian song lyrics have not been studied linguistically, making this article relevant. The study of affectonyms in contemporary Ukrainian song lyrics helps to understand their role in the linguistic worldview Ukrainians of the XXI century. Methods. To fulfill the tasks, set out in the article, descriptive method, functional method, systematic analysis, contextual analysis, and component analysis were used. Results. The lexical and semantic diversity of affectonyms is vast and dynamic, constantly enriched by communicators’ creativity. A key feature of affectonyms is their aim to elicit a reaction from the addressee. Contemporary Ukrainian bands and performers use affectonyms in the following groups: 1) zoomorphisms; 2) florisms; 3) lexemes to refer to people by their external features and the speaker’s attitude; 4) names with astronomical and meteorological meanings; 5) names of mythological creatures, heroes of famous works 6) names of titles; 7) names with the meaning of preciousness; 8) lexemes with negative semantics; 9) names of abstract concepts; 10) polite and formal forms; 11) names of household items; 12) names with the meaning of “beloved”. The lyrics of contemporary Ukrainian bands and performers are dominated by noun affectonyms due to their ability to express deep emotions. Adjectives are less common, as their emotional intensity is lower, but uninflated feminine adjective forms show a continuation of folklore traditions. Musicians use affectonym phrases to create complex expressions of emotional connection and sound images in music. Conclusion. Affectonyms have always occupied an important place in the linguistic worldview of Ukrainians, reflecting the specifics of their emotional comprehension of the world and being an organic component of communication …
subject: LINGUISTIC CULTUROLOGY
  topic: section
subject: affectonym, lexical and semantic groups of affectonyms, evaluative colouring, linguistic worldview
  topic: keywords
creator: Zoriana HRYTSYNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Зоряна ГРИЦИНА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 160
ending page: 176
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).160-176

Explicit ways of expressing comparativity in Ukrainian paremias of the 19th century
type: item
description: Background. For modern historical linguistics, the study of the comparativity of linguistic units is extremely relevant, because the verbalization of the processes and results of comparing actions, phenomena or objects not only sheds light on the system of views of our ancestors, their ideas about people and their place in the world, but also makes it possible to trace the peculiarities of the linguistic system on a certain synchronous slice. It is especially interesting to identify the specificity of the selection of linguistic means for the implementation of comparative semantics in paremias, which were an integral part of the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians in the past. Methods. In the study, we applied the comparative method to consider the peculiarities of the ways of expressing comparativity in paremias, attested in the collections of I. Franko “Galician-Ruthenian folk paremias” (1901–1910) and M. Nomys “Ukrainian proverbs, sayings, and the like” (1864), as well as a descriptive method with the using of internal interpretation for the classification of analyzed units according to clearly defined parameters. Results. On the basis of existing classifications of comparative constructions, a separate classification of ways of expressing comparativity in paremias was proposed. Two main ways of expressing comparative relations in paremic units are defined – explicit and implicit, as well as their subspecies. Structurally complete comparative constructions (comparative inflections (uncommon and common) with conjunctions як, мов, немов, наче, неначе, неначебто, ніби, нібито, немовби, немовбито etc. + subordinate clauses); constructions with forms of degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives: кращий, ніж…; вищий, ніж…; units that only have an object of comparison are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to comparative paremias, which include comparative conjunctions of ancient origin (мол, аки/ак, коби), which the modern Ukrainian language …
subject: LINGUISTIC CULTUROLOGY
  topic: section
subject: comparativity, comparative paremias, comparative constructions, structural features of paremias, explicit ways of expressing comparativity, linguistic picture of the world
  topic: keywords
creator: Maksym BONDARENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Максим БОНДАРЕНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 141
ending page: 159
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).141-159

The colourful world of poetry by Anatolii Moisiienko
type: item
description: Background. The colourful world of A. Moisiienko’s poetry is analyzed in the article. The author clearly outlines the linguistic picture of the writer’s world, his inner perception of the environment through the colour. The analysis is carried out in the lexical and semantic aspect, taking into account the grammatical and word-formation expression of colour designations, which allows to outline the mental consciousness of the writer, and his artistic personality, which is an integral part of the author’s poems, shapes the mood of the work, its uniqueness. The use of colours is essential in the writer’s idiostyle, which defines the creative image of the author, manifested in his views on the phenomena of nature and human life. Methods. Descriptive, contextual, transformational-stylistic. Results. In A. Moisiienko’s poetry, colours denote natural phenomena, serve as means of depicting landscapes, portraits, and phenomena of the surrounding world, convey the mood of the lyrical hero, and depict both abstract concepts and concrete objects. All these colourful images have absorbed the depth of national culture, folk psychology, and the individual worldview. The author’s arsenal includes both achromatic and chromatic colours. Colourful lexemes are expressed by different parts of speech: adjectives, nouns, verbs, and adverbs, which have different structures, convey different colour saturation, and are characterized by different syntagmatic patterns with different associative fields. Conclusion. The colourful world of Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetry is his life, environment, native land, and people around him, that is, a bright, diverse national and cultural time-space in which the lyrical hero of the author’s poems lives. The colouristic paradigm of the artist’s poetic works covers the widest layer of semantic designations of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, portrait and inner emotional characteristics. In addition to its primary meaning, the colourful word in …
subject: LINGUOPOETICS
  topic: section
subject: colors of poetry, semantics of barvolexes, author’s picture of the world, idiostyle, Anatolii Moisiienko
  topic: keywords
creator: Iryna KOCHAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 121
ending page: 140
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).121-140

Structural and functional features of parceled constructions (based on the poems of Anatolii Moisiienko)
type: item
description: Background. Parceled constructions are qualified as special stylistic figures, in which parts of a single sentence are separated into independent sentences by intonation or punctuation. The main statement is considered the basic part. The parcel is one or more defined components that function as separate syntactic units but are completely dependent on the main structure both by implication and syntactic functions. The content-enhancing and rhythm-melodic functions of parceled constructions, which are in the first instance used to enhance their semantic weight, are considered to be the main ones. Methods. To determine the structural and functional features of parceled constructions of Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetic works, the following methods were used: linguo-stylistic analysis (the regularities of language functioning in various spheres of communication are determined), the pragmatic method (the internal regularities of the choice and lexical units use in a typified communication situation are identified), the contextual method (the semantics of language units are analyzed in unity with their micro-context and macro-context, what makes it possible to establish the meaning of the studied element of the text), discursive analysis (characterizing of the communicative event, the situation that integrates the text, with other its components, in particular with circumstances, time, space, cognitive and psychological factors), intent analysis (actual intentions of communication participants are revealed by the features of their speech, communicative behavior). Results. It is proposed to divide the parceled constructions into two groups: 1) parceled sentences, when the parcels are parts of complex sentences – complex ordinal, complex subjunctive, complex unconjunctive; 2) parceled parts of the sentence – subjects, predicates, adjuncts, definitions and circumstances. Parceling is determined both by the features of the rhythm-meloding of poetry and by the need to specify the …
subject: LINGUOPOETICS
  topic: section
subject: parceling, basic part, parcel, structure, functioning, stylistic and expressive possibilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Nataliya TORCHYNSKA
creator: Mykhailo TORCHYNSKYI
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Наталія ТОРЧИНСЬКА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 96
ending page: 120
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).96-120

Rhyme as a structural component of the sonnet text
type: item
description: Background. The article deals with the description of rhyme structures and their functioning in the Ukrainian sonnet text. Using a wide range of case studies, the author examines rhyme structures that are characteristic of the classical European sonnet, represented by Italian, French, and English forms, as well as the contagion plan for such forms. The author analyzes the role of rhyme in the structural and compositional organization of the stanza and the integral system of sonnet verse, with a projection on the author's own artistic and aesthetic perception of such integrity. Methods. Descriptive, systematization and matrix modelling, contextual. Results. The author traces the regularities of the construction of Ukrainian sonnet verse, taking into account both the established criteria for the use of rhyme and numerous modifications related to the nature and functioning of the rhyme construct. Different structural types of rhymes are considered ‒ in terms of partial expression, full and incomplete rhymes, functional role, for example, homonymous pairs ‒ in a sentence, a separate stanza, and an entire sonnet text. Varieties of rich rhyme are characterized (based on full consonances, when a fully rhyming word correlates with the rhyme component of the correlated word when a phoneme sound is inserted/dropped before the stressed syllable, when rhyming words differ only in the initial components of the phoneme complex preceding the stressed syllable, in particular, with intervocalic modification in such a preposition, etc. The author emphasizes the role of rhyme in creating a holistic poetic matrix of the sonnet, with certain instruments, anagramming, enjambment, and chiasmic alternation. Conclusions. Rhyme in the sonnet text, in addition to its background role, performs an important structural, compositional, and genre-creating function. Rhyme diversity, both in the established structures of stanza organization and with a variety of modifications, in particular, with th…
subject: LINGUOPOETICS
  topic: section
subject: text, sonnet, rhyme, phonics, internal rhyme, compound rhyme, exact rhyme, rich rhyme, homonymous rhyme, poetic language
  topic: keywords
creator: Anatolii MOISIIENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Анатолій МОЙСІЄНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 73
ending page: 95
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).73-95

Morphological paradigmatics of proper and foreign names of footwear in modern Ukrainian language
type: item
description: Background. Since the beginning of the XXI century, Ukrainian linguistics has intensified the study of the morphological paradigm of nouns, taking into account several factors. The researchers focus not only on appellatives but also on propriatives of different classes and subclasses. The need for a comprehensive study of the declension system of footwear names is caused by the predominantly fragmentary representation in grammatical descriptions of the Ukrainian language of the morphological paradigm of these nouns and their often different grammatical characterization according to number category (nouns with grammatical singular and plural meaning / pluralia tantum nouns), as well as the emergence of new lexemes in the Ukrainian language that are not recorded in dictionaries, and their grammatical status, phonetic and graphic design, and word formation require unified regulation. Methods. The study of more than 150 footwear titles used general scientific and linguistic methods: solid sampling, comparison, structural and distributional analysis, systematization, descriptive, statistical, and prognostication. Results. The article identifies and describes 33 elementary paradigmatic classes of noun names of footwear taking into account relevant factors (full/incomplete case-number paradigm, belonging to a certain gender and gender variation, belonging to one of the cases or being outside them, belonging of nouns of the first and second declensions to hard, soft or mixed groups, identity of word-change affixes and their letter designation, morphonemic phenomena, including phoneme alternation and stress, case variant forms, phonetic and graphic variation, etc.). The nouns with homonymous forms are identified and the means of realizing their case-number semantics are elucidated. Elementary paradigmatic classes of footwear nouns, which have the status of pluralia tantum nouns and whose phonetic, graphic and grammatical development is ongoing, are proposed. Conclusion. The …
subject: GRAMMAROLOGY
  topic: section
subject: noun, footwear name, word change, elementary paradigmatic class, number category, gender category, morphonemic phenomena (alternation, emphasis)
  topic: keywords
creator: Оlena LAVRINETS
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Олена ЛАВРІНЕЦЬ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 42
ending page: 72
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).42-72

Colloquial neologisms in the modern Ukrainian language
type: item
description: Background. The article is devoted to the analysis of new colloquial words that arose and function in the Ukrainian language of the 21st century. The Ukrainian language is currently characterized by significant dynamics at all its levels, and especially at the lexical-semantic level. Undoubtedly, extralingual and intralingual factors that are in constant interaction and complement each other contribute to this. A characteristic feature of the mentioned period is that colloquial neologisms became one of the important sources of replenishment of the lexical-semantic layer of the Ukrainian language. Their emergence was caused by democratization and liberalization in Ukrainian society during the analyzed period, which significantly affected the language, in particular, expanded the boundaries of its functioning. The material for this studio was primarily new colloquial words, passported from oral conversation, mass media and Internet discourses during the years 2000–2024, as well as partially older colloquialisms that were not recorded in Ukrainian normative lexicographic works. Methods. The article uses both general scientific methods – analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, as well as special linguistic methods – descriptive, observational, continuous sampling, comparative, and others. Results. The main sources of the origin of new colloquial words are identified and considered. The main sources of the named units is the actual live colloquial speech, in which neologisms always arise. Also, former social dialecticisms (jargonisms and argotisms), colloquial or colloquial borrowings, individual author’s novelties derived from popular colloquialism act as sources of replenishment of new lexemes. It has been proven that the most actively replenishing the new colloquial lexicon are such types of jargonisms as: military, sociolectisms from the field of informatics and computerization, from automotive jargon, from youth sociolects. The thematic groups of colloquial neolo…
subject: SEMANTICS
  topic: section
subject: language, semantics, new colloquial words, neologism, source, thematic groups, trend, communication, discourse
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksandr STYSHOV
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Олександр Стишов https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 23
ending page: 41
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).23-41

Nominations of the russian-ukrainian war in multi-style discourse
type: item
description: Background. The article identifies the nominations of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the texts of different styles; it analyzes the functional specifics of the concepts “war,” “armed aggression,” “full-scale invasion,” “conflict,” “ATO,” “JFO,” “Russian-Ukrainian war,” etc. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has been going on for more than a decade, and its full-scale period is more than three years, but Ukrainian speakers have not yet developed a suitable militonym. Both in scientific sources and in the mass media, there are still ongoing discussions about the appropriateness of the concepts “war,” “armed aggression,” “full-scale invasion,” “conflict,” etc. to mark this event. Methods. A complex of the following methods has been used to study the nominations of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war: an index of such names has created using the selection method; the linguistic stylistic method has made it possible to trace the peculiarities of the functioning of militonyms in texts of different styles; component analysis has enabled the identification of semantic components of these names; contextual and discursive analysis have allowed us to identify their pragmatics; thanks to the descriptive method the results of the research are highlighted. Results. It has been found that the concept “anti-terrorist operation” was used in Ukrainian legislation until February 24, 2022. The same concept was the main lexical marker of current military events in Ukraine in texts of various styles from 2014‒2018. After 2018, the concept “JFO” became fixed in the media discourse, and the abbreviation “ATO” continued to be mostly used in colloquial, journalistic, and artistic discourse. The factonym “armed aggression of the Russian Federation [against Ukraine]” has gradually entered the legal circulation, and later also the scientific and journalistic discourse. Despite the wide palette of names of modern military events, the lexeme “war” dominates the colloquial …
subject: SEMANTICS
  topic: section
subject: militonym, war, armed aggression, full-scale invasion, conflict, ATO, JFO
  topic: keywords
creator: Iuliia BRAILKO
creator: Nataliia KYSLA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Юлія БРАЇЛКО, Наталія КИСЛА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 5
ending page: 22
doi: 10.17721/um/54(2024).5-22

The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1932–1933 in lingunarrative coverage
type: item
description: The book review: Batsevych F. Linguistic aspects of eyewitness accounts of the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932–1933 : Monograph. Lviv : Vyd. tsentr LNU im. Ivana Franka. 2022. 144 p. Information about the author: Anatolii Moisiienko – Dr Hab, Prof. of the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Applied Linguistics; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). E-mail: anmoj@ukr.net
subject: REVIEWS
  topic: section
creator: Anatolii Moisiienko
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anatolii Moisiienko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 197
ending page: 200
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).197-200

Languages of the Kyivan Rus’ as an object of information war and linguistic reconstruction
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the problem of the Kyivan Rus’ language situation (e.g., oral and literary languages) and the ideological struggle over this heritage. The oral epic and cultic languages were reconstructed for the first time. Not only now, but during several centuries brutal moscovite agressors attempt to took, to deform, to destroy all signs of Ukrainian identity: language, literature, folklore, history, church, other manifestations of culture. The Kyivan Rus’ is among many objects of linguistic, historical, and other falsifications. Intentionally, the russian language has no distinctions between “of Rus’” and “of russia”: both these terms have one designations – to underline the falsified “transition” from the Kyivan Rus’ (true Ukraine) to moscovia (politically renamed as “russia”, from the Byzantine name of Ukraine Rosia). The origin of the Ukrainian language is a key problem of Ukrainian linguistics, but it is also a historical, political, and defensive question. However, only several Ukrainian linguists focuse their attention on this important and difficult interdisciplinary problem. One aspects of it is prehistory and history of the Ukrainian poetic (especially epic) language, partially reflected in the medieval chronicles and the Tale of Ihor’s Campaign. The proposed model of the linguistic situation in the Kyivan Rus’ is a close contact between the Ukrainian version of the Church Slavonic language (only literary initially) and the native Ukrainian epic language (folklore, interdialectal, only oral initially). Also, the linguistic reconstructions of rhymed epic poetry in the chronicles are proposed. The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign is reconstructed as a series of related songs. Every song has common rhyme (monorhyme), whereas many lines of the poem in general represent holorhyme (pantorhyme), known in contemporary European (e.g., German) poetry. Therefore, the language(s) of the Kyivan Rus’ reflect(s) very high level of development, manifested by the rhym…
subject: HISTORY OF LANGUAGE
  topic: section
subject: Kyivan Rus’, epic language, oral tradition, literary language, reconstruction of poetry
  topic: keywords
creator: Svitlana Shevchuk
creator: Iurii Mosenkis
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Svitlana Shevchuk, Iurii Mosenkis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 186
ending page: 196
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).186-196

Let’s not deny our own: linguistic essays on the history of word usage
type: item
description: The complex historical fate of the Ukrainian language has primarily affected its vocabulary, which has undergone significant changes over the past two centuries. In the new Ukrainian literary language, which emerged on a folk basis thanks to the works of Ivan Kotliarevskyi and Taras Shevchenko, many words inherited from the old Ukrainian literary language were replaced by synonyms from the vernacular speech. As a result, modern Ukrainian speakers may not perceive archaic lexemes as Ukrainian, even though these words of Proto-Slavic origin were already attested in Old Slavonic language and actively used in the Old Ukrainian period (14th–18th centuries), continued to be used in the new Ukrainian literary language until the first quarter of the 20th century, and are still in use in Ukrainian dialects. The article demonstrates the “Ukrainian-ness” of archaic lexemes such as время, год, нельзя, and послідній. Based on lexicographic works of the 19th to the first quarter of the 20th century, including the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” by P. Biletskyi-Nosenko, the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” edited by B. Hrinchenko, the “Ukrainian-German Dictionary” by Y. Zhelekhivskyi and S. Nedilskyi, the “Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary” by M. Umanets and A. Spilka, and the “Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary” edited by A. Krymskyi and S. Yefremov, as well as texts by Ukrainian writers of the 18th–19th centuries, including Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ivan Kotliarevskyi, and Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Romantic poets, Taras Shevchenko, and collections of paroemias compiled and organized by M. Nomys and I. Franko, the history of the usage of these words throughout the centuries is traced. Based on dialectal dictionaries, it is shown that these archaic lexemes continue to be used in various Ukrainian dialects, including Boyko, Bukovynian, Hutsul, Central Dnieper, East Slobozhanskyi, and others. This is a trace of the past literary-written tradition, evidence of our language-historical…
subject: HISTORY OF LANGUAGE
  topic: section
subject: history of the Ukrainian language, old Ukrainian literary language, new Ukrainian literary language, archaic lexemes, Ukrainian dialects, history of word usage
  topic: keywords
creator: Lidiia Hnatiuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Lidiia Hnatiuk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 169
ending page: 185
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).169-185

Capital and lowercase letters as ideologemes in Ukrainian discourse
type: item
description: The article presents the results of research on the expressive and stylistic load of graphemes in Ukrainian discourse from the end of the 19th century till today. Capital and lowercase letters are noticeably developing their expressive potential in modern Ukrainian discourse, becoming a significant means of text creation. At the same time, the issue of a capital letter going beyond the orthographic index of its own name (and the beginning of a sentence), transferring this function partly to a lowercase letter due to the ideological instructions of the speaker / speakers is on the fringes of scientific observations, while such use of these graphic signs was and is popular in the 20th–21st centuries. The purpose of our investigation is to trace the formation of the grapheme capital/lowercase letters as an ideologeme and to find out the productivity of this process at the current stage. During the research, it has been determined that capital and lowercase letters perform a crucial ideological function along with distinguishing names and appellatives. In general, Ukrainian spelling codes have been declaring a departure from the principle of “a capital letter is a proper name” for more than a century, giving these graphemes an expressive and evaluative meaning. The article traces the acquisition of a capital letter with the stylistic meaning of respectability, positive and evaluative connotations, and the reflection of this process in the spelling codes of the Ukrainian language. It has been also found that because of the intervention of the Soviet authorities in purely linguistic issues, expressions of contempt, insignificance, and pejorativeness, in general, were fixed in lowercase letters. The axiology of these graphemes is determined by extralinguistic factors, primarily the political situation and ideological guidelines of society, and is directly related to the evaluation of the referent of the corresponding lexical unit. The process of using capital/lowercase gra…
subject: ORTHOGRAPHY
  topic: section
subject: grapheme, capital letter, lowercase letter, ideologeme, onym, appellative, orthography, discourse
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuliia Brailko
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Yuliia Brailko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 149
ending page: 168
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).149-168

Manipulative messages in the headlines of media sources
type: item
description: In this article, the author analyzes headlines on digital platforms of media sources, paying special attention to the manipulative content of the delivered messages. The research is based on the material of three websites, the authors of which manipulate the emotions of the recipients while providing information – “Tarasova Pravda“, “Naspravdi.Today”, and “Politeka”. The basic aspects of suggestive influence and manipulation of information during the speech act are defined and explained. In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, understanding the linguistic mechanisms of manipulation and suggestion in written texts is becoming increasingly crucial. This study not only sheds light on the deceptive methods employed in the headlines of Ukrainian-language online media resources but also highlights the importance of fostering media literacy among consumers. By enhancing awareness of manipulative tactics and promoting critical thinking skills, individuals will be better equipped to discern fact from fiction, ultimately contributing to a more well-informed society. The advancement and proliferation of cutting-edge information and communication technologies have led to an escalation in dissemination of manipulative texts. It can be posited that suggestion operates as a crucial instrument of verbal manipulation in written materials. Consequently, our investigation primarily focuses on examining manipulative texts (specifically, headlines within the context of this article) concerning their suggestive component. The research vectors for this issue encompass the linguistic analysis of manipulative texts for categorization purposes, recognition of suggestion components, exploration of linguistic methods employed for disinformation, and countermeasures against verbal manipulation. The objective of this article is to scrutinize the headlines of news articles featured on Ukrainian-language online media resources (based on materials from three websites: “Tarasova Pravda”, “Nas…
subject: SUGGESTIVE LINGUISTICS
  topic: section
subject: manipulative text, manipulative headline, manipulative message, manipulation of emotions, suggestion and its techniques, disinformation in the media
  topic: keywords
creator: Taras Holota
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Taras Holota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 135
ending page: 148
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).135-148

Onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paramias (based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and the like”)
type: item
description: Background. In today’s dynamic world, Ukrainians, like other peoples, are trying to preserve their national identity. Studying the peculiarities of the linguistic world of our ancestors becomes a primary task in modern linguistics, because language is a kind of mediator that ensures continuous communication between different generations. For many of us, it is important to feel the persistence of language and cultural traditions. The paremic subsystem of the Ukrainian language is the most interesting and the most eloquent. The study of paremias not only makes it possible to delve into the depths of the ages and trace the purely lexical or grammatical features of the language at a certain synchronous section, but also to try to reproduce important fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of our ancestors, which will help to understand their way of thinking. The purpose of this study is to find out the peculiarities of the organization of the onymic space of comparative paremias, attested in the collection of M. Nomys “Ukrainian proverbs, sayings, and the like” (1864), to determine the role of precedent onyms, which are important components of comparative proverbs and sayings, in the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century. Methods. The comparative and qualitative methods were applied. Results. During the study, the structure of the onymic space was characterized, its components – onymic fields (anthroponymic, toponymic, as well as ethnonymic) were distinguished and analyzed. It was found that the anthroponymic field is quite informative and bright, which most often includes units with such anthroponyms and their derivatives: Настя, Сидір, Хведько, Семен, etc. In addition, comparative paremias with precedent onyms (Гоне, як вітрів батько; Побілів, як Пилат) are considered and characterized. The onymic components of these units have a wide cultural and historical context, and are also powerful linguistic and ethnocultural codes of the U…
subject: LINGUISTIC CULTUROLOGY
  topic: section
subject: comparative paremias, onymic space, onymic field, anthroponym, toponym, ethnonym, precedent onym
  topic: keywords
creator: Maksym Bondarenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Maksym Bondarenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 120
ending page: 134
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).120-134

The European imprint in the linguistic picture of the world of an educated Ukrainian of the eighteenth century (based on private Cossack diaries)
type: item
description: Background. In the context of the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine, when its relations with European countries are strengthening as Ukrainians are defending not only themselves but the whole of Europe, it is important to examine the history of Ukrainian-European relations at the linguistic level. It is known that Ukrainian students studied at European universities already in XV–XVI centuries, mainly in Germany. Moreover, some embarked on a long educational journey through Europe, including studies in France and Italy. Later, in XVII–XVIII centuries, a significant role in the educational system played Kyiv (now Kyiv-Mohyla) Academy, the all-Ukrainian center of education, science, and culture of that period, from where the students went to Europe to deepen their knowledge. Following the best European educational practices, Kyiv Academy contributed to the rapid adaptation of Ukrainian students to the international environment in Europe. Amongst these students, were descendants from the families of the Ukrainian nobility and Cossack officers, including the Markovych and Khanenko families, whose diaries are the subject of research in this article. Aims and approach. Cossack diaries were the subject of in-depth historical & linguistic research, including educational background, intellectual interests, and individual style of writing of Yakiv Markovych, Mykola Khanenko, and Petro Apostol – the authors of the analyzed documents. However, so far, the lexical units related to Europe have not been the object of a separate study in the above-mentioned texts, which determines the scientific novelty of our research. Methodology. To fulfill the tasks, set out in the article, we used the method of analyzing the semantic space of the concept, which involves grouping the studied vocabulary according to the ideographic principle, which, in turn, makes it possible to reconstruct the linguistic picture of the world. The peculiarities of the functioning of adjectival-substantive phras…
subject: CONCEPTOLOGY
  topic: section
subject: concept, EUROPE, linguistic picture of the world, Cossack diaries, Baroque, Yakiv Markovych, Mykola Khanenko, Ukrainian language, adjective-substantive phrases
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Oleksandr Bohomolets-Barash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-12
publication date: 2023-09-12
starting page: 88
ending page: 119
doi: 10.17721/um/53(2023).88-119